SSH Secure Shell Home Page, Maintained By SSH Protocol Inventor ...

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What is SSH (Secure Shell)?

This is the start page for the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol, software, and related information. SSH is a software package that enables secure system administration and file transfers over insecure networks. It is used in nearly every data center and in every large enterprise.

This page was created by the inventor of SSH, Tatu Ylonen (twitter: @tjssh). He wrote ssh-1.x and ssh-2.x, and still works on related topics. The open source OpenSSH implementation is based on his free version.

The SSH protocol Download client software List of SSH implementations Running & configuring SSH Security of SSH and attacks against it Automate with SSH keys, but manage them History of the SSH protocol

The SSH protocol

The SSH protocol uses encryption to secure the connection between a client and a server. All user authentication, commands, output, and file transfers are encrypted to protect against attacks in the network. For details of how the SSH protocol works, see the protocol page. To understand the SSH File Transfer Protocol, see the SFTP page.

Download client software

Here you can find links to download various free SSH implementations. We offer various free SSH implementations for download, and provide links to commercial implementations.

Download PuTTY
Download SSH clients

List of SSH implementations

We list various SSH implementations here. Feel free to submit additional implementations for this page. For many implementations we offer a review, installation instructions, guidance, and/or how-tos on this site.

Tectia SSH client & server for Windows, Unix, Linux - with 24x7 support
Tectia SSH for IBM z/OS client & server for IBM z/OS mainframes - with 24x7 support
PuTTY client for Windows and Linux
WinSCP client for Windows
CyberDuck client for Mac
OpenSSH server for Unix, Linux
Overview of client alternatives
Overview of server alternatives
Windows SSH alternatives
PrivX™ Privileged Access Management for multi-cloud

Running & configuring SSH

This section contains links topics around using, configuring, and administering SSH.

Command line options
Tectia SSH manuals
sshd - The SSH server on Unix/Linux
sshd_config - Server configuration file on Unix/Linux
ssh_config - Client configuration file on Unix/Linux
SSH port, and how it got that number

Security of SSH and attacks against it

The SSH protocol is believed to be secure against cryptographic attacks on the network, provided keys and credentials are properly managed. However, we do not recommend using diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 key exchange. It uses a 768 bit Diffie-Hellman group, which may be breakable by governments today. Larger groups are probably ok. Recent OpenSSH versions have disabled this group by default. See sshd_config for configuring what key exchanges to use.

Analysis of BothanSpy and Gyrfalcon - the presumed CIA hacking tools
Man-in-the-middle attacks against SSH
Imperfect forward secrecy - How Diffie-Hellman fails in practice

Automate with SSH keys, but manage them

SSH keys can be used to automate access to servers. They are commonly used in scripts, backup systems, configuration management tools, and by developers and sysadmins. They also provide single sign-on, allowing the user to move between his/her accounts without having to type a password every time. This works even across organizational boundaries, and is highly convenient.

However, unmanaged SSH keys can become a major risk in larger organizations.

What is an SSH key
What SSH life cycle management means
Universal SSH Key Manager
ssh-keygen - Create keys
ssh-copy-id - Provision access on servers
authorized_keys - Authorized keys file format

The PrivX On-Demand Access Manager can be used as an alternative for SSH keys, eliminating the need for permanent keys and passwords on servers entirely.

History of the SSH protocol

The Secure Shell protocol was originally developed by Tatu Ylonen in 1995 in response to a hacking incident in the Finnish university network. A password sniffer had been installed on a server connected directly to the backbone, and when it was discovered, it had thousands of usernames and passwords in its database, including several from Ylonen's company.

That incident triggered Ylonen to study cryptography and develop a solution he could use himself for remote login over the Internet safely. His friends proposed additional features, and three months later, in July 1995, Ylonen published the first version as open source. It became OpenSSH. Later he took the protocol for standardization at the IETF and designed the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). He founded SSH Communications Security Corp in December 1995 to provide commercial support for the protocol.

Ylonen still works on topics related to Secure Shell, particularly around key management, as well as broader cybersecurity topics.

Today, the protocol is used for managing more than half of world’s web servers and practically every Unix or Linux computer, on-premise and in the cloud. Information security specialists and system administrators use it to configure, manage, maintain, and operate most firewalls, routers, switches, and servers in the millions of mission-critical networks and environments of our digital world. It is also embedded inside many file transfer and systems management solutions.

The new protocol replaced several legacy tools and protocols, including telnet, ftp, FTP/S, rlogin, rsh, and rcp.

SSH is a leading defensive cybersecurity company that secures communications between humans, systems, and networks. We specialize in Zero Trust Privileged Access Controls and Quantum Safe Network Security. Our customers include a diverse range of enterprises, from multiple Fortune 500 companies to SMBs across various sectors such as Finance, Retail, Technology, Industrial, Healthcare, and Government. 25% of Fortune 100 companies rely on SSH’s solutions. Recent strategic focus has expanded SSH business to Defence, Critical Infrastructure Operators, Manufacturing OT Security and Public Safety.

Leonardo S.p.A invests 20.0 million EUR in SSH, becoming the largest shareholder of the company. SSH solutions form a Center of Excellence for Zero Trust privileged access management and quantum-safe network encryption in Leonardo - a global industrial group that creates multi-domain technological capabilities in the Aerospace, Defence and Security sector with 17.8 billion EUR revenue in 2024. SSH company’s shares (SSH1V) are listed on Nasdaq Helsinki.

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SSH Secure Shell Home Page, Maintained By SSH Protocol Inventor ...

SSH Academy

Contents

The SSH protocol

Download client software

List of SSH implementations

Running & configuring SSH

Security of SSH and attacks against it

Automate with SSH keys, but manage them

History of the SSH protocol

Stay on top of the latest in cybersecurity

SSH Port Forwarding - Example, Command, Server Config

How To Share SSH Commandline - FileCloud

How To Use SSH Public Key Authentication | Linode

SSH Essentials: Working With SSH Servers, Clients, And Keys

How To Use SSHFS To Mount Remote File Systems Over SSH

Set Up SSH Public Key Authentication To Connect To A Remote System

How To Set Up SSH Keys On A Linux / Unix System - NixCraft

Use SSH Keys To Communicate With GitLab - GitLab Documentation

Termius - SSH Platform For Mobile And Desktop

SSH Tunnel For SAS/SHARE: Example

What Are SSH Keys? - JumpCloud

Sharing SSH Keys Among Cluster Nodes - IBM

SSH Key Management - Keeper Security

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