Study On Technology For Treatment And Control Of Forming Blooms ...

Log InSign Up

• Log In
• Sign Up
• more
• • About
  • Press
  • Papers
  • Terms
  • Privacy
  • Copyright
  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center
  • less

Outline

keyboard_arrow_downTitleAbstractObjectiveSelection of Shielding MaterialsExperments and ResultsSample Ko-Inaa Method Relative MethodEstablishment of Experimental ExercisesObjectivesMethod and Technique1. Design Multi-Channel Analyzer4. Data Acquisition Data Analyser ProgramData Acquisition ProgramData Analyzer ProgramSummary of ContentSummay of Obtained ResultsResultConclusions and RecommendationsStudy on Measurement Technique of Beam IntensityStudy on Measurement Technique of Beam ProfileStudy on Measurement Technique of EmmitanceStudy on Measurement Technique of Beam EnergyAn Analytical Procedure for Sulphur IsotopeINTRODUCTIONStudy AreaMethodologiesMethodologyProceduresEvaluation of the ProcedureMaterials and Methods 1.1. ChemicalsDiscussionThe Study AbroadThe Study in the CountryMethod of Collecting, Processing and AnalysisSubjectsThese Devices Collect, Process and Analysis AreAnalysis of SamplesIn the Normal Operation Case of NPPIn the Accident Case of NPPI Experimental Results and DiscussionComparison of Dosimetric ResultsRaw Material, ChemicalsAnalysis of Characteristic PropertiesThe Result of Test on Chinese CabbageThe Result of ExperimentThe Result of TestMethodsNumerical Grades ConclusionExperimentalResults and DiscussionBuilding Extraction Procedure for ZR PurificationPrincipe of the MethodProcedureMethodResearch MethodologyResults and DissussionMaterials and ReagentsProcedure for Preparing Zirconium MetalAcidic MethodMethod of Roentgen Diffraction (X-Ray)OverviewExperimental Results and DiscussionResultsTest Results and DiscussionReviewsResults of Test II, Using Gravity MethodResults of Test II, Using Magnetic MethodAnalytical MethodsResults and DiscussionsSome Analysis Results of Bent-La MaterialStudy on Eutrophic Lake WaterConclusionIntroductionConclusionsReferencesFAQsAll TopicsEngineeringMaterials Sciencedownload

Download Free PDF

Download Free PDFStudy On Technology For Treatment And Control Of Forming Blooms Of Blue-Green Algae In Eutrophic Ponds Or Other Small Water Bodies, Using Bentonite Material Modified LanthanumDao thi giang Dao thi giang

2012

visibility

…

description

344 pages

descriptionSee full PDFdownloadDownload PDF bookmarkSave to LibraryshareShareclose

Sign up for access to the world's latest research

Sign up for freearrow_forwardcheckGet notified about relevant paperscheckSave papers to use in your researchcheckJoin the discussion with peerscheckTrack your impact

Abstract

The total number of permanent staff working at the VINATOM as December 31, 2010 was 737 including the clerical service staff. The VINATOM was funded from the Government with the amount to 73.812 billion VN Dong for FY 2010. The international support for the VINATOM activities is committed over 437,378 USD to the operating projects including equipment, staff training and expert services. Main results of fundamental and applied research implemented in the year were presented in 77 scientific articles, reports and contributions published in many journals, proceedings of conferences, etc. These results were obtained on the basic of the IAEA technical cooperation projects (11 VIE projects), the regional projects (42 RAS projects), the research contracts with the IAEA (15 RCs). During the time of year 2010, in the VINATOM there were 2 graduated in Ph.D. courses; about 100 people have been trained abroad in the fields of nuclear science and technology.

... Read more

Related papers

Power Plant Algal Treatment with Focus on the Sonication of Enteromorpha Prolifera Macro AlgaeIsam Janajreh

Abstract While others considering algae as the “light of hoop” to the energy crisis, and as a carbon neutral technology to combat global warming, uncontrolled growth and its eutrophication can be considered a challenging pollution issue. Nevertheless, in the last a few decades algae pollution has become a global issue. The occurrence of algal bloom in water source has posed a serious water safety and unaccounted control and maintenance at substantial added cost. Overgrowing algae have brought negative impacts on power plant and less frequently led to shutdown of the desalination or power plant. The eutrophication which is rarely is eliminated; it could be controlled by mechanical filtration and chemical biocidal methods. This adds another economic burden by the supply of chemical and their neutralizing agent to cope with tight EPA limits. In this work a review of the treatment of algae is carried out which involves chemical, mechanical, electromechanical and as well as the aid of sc...

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightEffectiveness of Algae in Wastewater Treatment SystemsIJRASET Publication

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) play important role in determining the quality of wastewater. Hence it is necessary to calculate COD and BOD of water before setting up of wastewater treatment plant. Algae has been used for decades for various purposes. It is one of the important characteristics is to nitrogen, phosphorus etc., which are harmful for drinking and other purposes but they act as food for algae. Thus in this study COD and BOD analysis is done for sterilized and non-sterilized wastewater after and before treating it with algae in inverse fluidization under aerobic condition, for different time interval and found that percentage reduction in COD and BOD for sterilized wastewater gives greater value than non-sterilized water the reason for this difference being the decrease in the competition between algae and other microorganism which are present in raw wastewater and COD % reduction is 65-70 % and BOD % reduction is 68.75-70.5%.Organic and inorganic substances which are released into the environment as a result of domestic, agricultural and industrial water activities lead to pollution. The normal primary and secondary treatment processes of these wastewaters have been introduced in a growing number of places, in order to eliminate the easily settled materials and to degrade the organic material present in wastewater. The final result is a clear, apparently clean effluent which is discharged into natural water bodies. This secondary effluent is, however, loaded with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus and causes eutrophication and long-term problems because of refractory organics and heavy metals that are being discharged. Microalgae culture offers an interesting step for wastewater treatments, because they provide a tertiary bio-treatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass, which can be used for biofuel production. Microalgae cultures offer an elegant solution to tertiary treatments due to the ability of microalgae to use inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth and also, for their capacity to remove heavy metals, as well as some toxic organic compounds, in the current review we highlighted the role of micro-algae in the treatment of wastewater and growth parameters to be affected for the cultivation. The treatment of different types of wastewater by physicochemical or biological (non-microalgal) methods could often be either inefficient or energy-intensive. Microalgae are ubiquitous microscopic organisms, which thrive in water bodies that contain the necessary nutrients. Wastewaters are typically contaminated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other trace elements, which microalgae require for their cell growth. In addition, most of the microalgae are photosynthetic in nature, and these organisms do not require an organic source for their proliferation, although some strains could utilize organics both in the presence and absence of light. Therefore, microalgal bioremediation could be integrated with existing treatment methods or adopted as the single biological method for efficiently treating wastewater. This review paper summarized the mechanisms of pollutants removal by algae, microalgal bioremediation potential of different types of wastewaters, the potential application of wastewater-grown microalgal biomass, existing challenges, and the future direction of algae application in wastewater treatment.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightThe effectiveness of chemical-free water treatment system combining fibre filters, ultrasound, and UV for fish farming on algal controlTjaša Griessler Bulc

Periodicum Biologorum, 2010

Background and Purpose: A chemical-free water treatment system consisting of fibre filters, ultrasound, and UV for fish farming was operated in a fishpond to study its effect on the control of algae compared with a non-treated fishpond. Materials and Methods: Phytoplankton and phytobenthos were sampled in both ponds, at the same time Chlorophyll-a, nitrates (NO 3), orto-phosphates (PO 4), pH, water temperature and saturation were monitored. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that ultrasonication caused efficient sedimentation of planktonic algae. The number of determined algal species was lower in the treated pond. The proportion of green algae and Cyanobacteria was higher in the non-treated pond, and diatoms were the predominant group of algae in the treated pond. The species Oedogonium sp., Mougeotia sp. and Spirogyra sp. were »tolerant« to ultrasonic irradiation. The successful control of algae using the chemical-free water treatment system suggests that the Chem-free water treatment system can be a practical method to control algal bloom in fish farms.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightAlgae Farming and Its Bio-ProductsGal Hochman

Plants and BioEnergy, 2013

Many expect algae to contribute to food, feed, health, and fuel, as well as to remove or transform pollutants in water or air. But what did we really achieve after several decades of research and development? What ended up being commercialized and consumed in large volumes? We try and shed light on these questions by surveying and assessing the current state of algae uses.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightSolving algae problems: French expertise and world-wide applicationsVeronique Bonnelye

Aqua, 1998

This paper reviews the various methods available for removing planktonic microalgae (microstraining, direct ®ltration, sedimentation,¯otation, polishing using ozonation and granular activated carbon [O 3 +GAC], membrane ®ltration), and discusses their comparative eectiveness, optimisation and limitations. Also described are the treatments considered most eective in the removal of odorous and/or toxic metabolites. In each case French technology and its worldwide applications are compared to those documented in the literature. The article concludes with recommendations on the most appropriate processes for treating eutrophic waters.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightThe Role of Algae in Sustainable Environment: A Review The Role of Algae in Sustainable Environment: A ReviewUFJ meeranayak

JABU, 2020

The diverse development in the employment of algae to conquer the environmental snags have stimulated the assurance of achieving the sustainability. The word sustainability indicates the overall constructive improvements of an environ that encompasses a plentiful dynamic and their regulations. The hasty growth of the population and rapid civilization has led mankind to the exhaustive exploitation of nature and its vibrant resources. However, today humans have realized the catastrophes instigated because of their preceding errors and have already been facing future sustenance challenges. Today, it has turned out to be a challenging task to discover and to develop an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and cutting-edge strategies to encounter the current sustainability glitches like, sustainable agriculture solutions, feedstock crisis, pollution, carbon neutrality, industrial effluents and waste water treatment, energy crisis, and xenobiotic components contaminated the natural ecosystem. Advancement in the field of phycology research and allied areas has shown a positive hope on the way to green conversion and retaining sustainable environments. Algae can be a candid agent for employing in the developmental activities, as it can replace various domestic needs and deeds of man. This review discusses the wide spectrum opportunities of using algae for sustainability ground rules.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightA Review of “Algae: Source to Treatment (M57)”Ken Wagner

Lake and Reservoir Management, 2010

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightCoagulation and chlorination of NOM and algae in water treatment: A reviewMohamed Aichouni, Djamel Ghernaout

Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection byproducts formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightEutrophication Treatment by Algae FarmingNita Mehta

2015

Abstract-- Eutrophication caused by the imbalance of chemicals, from disposed wastes in lakes and ponds, along with the presence of sunlight gives a boost to the growth of microalgae in the lake. Algae farming can be carried out by creating open ponds or photo bioreactor (PBR). On further treatment, the harvested algae can be converted into biodiesel. Such a productive result to waste water treatment can be carried out at varied locations where the optimum operating conditions for micro algae farming are satisfied. I.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightSee full PDFdownloadDownload PDF

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (384)

1. Vuong Huu Tan, Pham Ngoc Son, Tran Tuan Anh, and Ho Huu Thang, "Development of Filtered Neutron Beams of 24kev 59kev 133kev at Dalat Research Reactor", Nuclear Science and technology, ISSN 1810-5408, No.3 (2009).
2. V. H. Tan, P. N. Son, T. T. Anh, N. C. Hai, "Calculation of characteristic parameters for the development of new filtered neutron beams at Dalat reactor." National Conference on Science and Nuclear Technology VII, Da Nang, 30-31/8/2007, Publisher of Science and Engineering, P. 198-201.
3. X-5 Monte Carlo Team, "MCNP -A General N-Particle Transport Code, Version 5, Volume I: Overview and Theory", LA-UR-03-1987, Los Alamos National Laboratory (April, 2003). REFERENCES:
4. Safety reports series No. 30, Accident analysis for nuclear power plants with pressurized water reactors, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (2003).
5. R.J. Ellis (2000), Analyses of Weapons-Grade MOX VVER-1000 Neutronics Benchmarks: Pin-Cell Calculations with SCALE/SAS2H, Fissile Materials Disposition program.
6. V. H. Sánchez-Espinoza (2008), Investigations of the VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark Phase 1 with the Coupled Code System RELAP5/PARCS, Institut für Reaktorsicherheit Programm Nukleare Sicherheitsforschung, July 2008.
7. A.A Timofeeva, K.Yu. Kurakin, Calculation of isotope burn-up and change in efficiency of absorbing elements of WWER-1000 control and protection system during burn-up, Podolsk, Russia.
8. Islamic Azad University (2006), Computation of concentration changes of heavy metals in the fuel assemblies with 1.6% enrichment by ORIGEN code for VVER-1000, Mohammad Rahgoshay, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, , Tehran, Iran.
9. K. Okumura, T. Kugo, K. Kaneko, K. Tsuchihashi (2007), SRAC2006: Comprehensive Neutronics Calculation Code System, Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
10. Y. Nagaya, T. Mori, K. Okumura, M. Nakagawa (2004), MVP/GMVP: General Purpose Monte Carlo Codes for Neutron and Photon Transport Calculations based on Continuous Energy and Multigroup Methods Version 2, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute.
11. Lê Đại Diễn (2007), Báo cáo tổng kết đề tài khoa học công nghệ cấp cơ sở Sử dụng chương trình MVP tính toán cho mô hình bó nhiên liệu HEU và LEU của lò phản ứng hạt nhân Đà Lạt, Hà Nội.
12. Giang Thanh Hiếu (2010), Báo cáo tổng kết nhiệm vụ khoa học công nghệ cấp cơ sở Sử dụng SRAC trên hệ điều hành Linux tính một số đặc trưng vật lý cho bó thanh nhiên liệu lò BWR, Hà Nội.
13. MSc thesises: Completion of five MSc thesises related with the project (three MSc thesises of Dalat University, two ones of University of Pedagogy in Ho Chi Minh city). Besides, there is one MSc thesis (of Dalat University) carrying out in 2012. d) Experimental guide for participants' teams: Products of the project served at once three training courses conducted at the Institute in the end of 2011 and in the begining of 2012. REFERENCES: (In English)
14. Alhussain Ali Ahmed Abuhoza, Comparison study of reflected and transmitted thermal neutron flux in water and other moderators, A thesis submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Science in Physics, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Aribia (2007).
15. Andersson IO. Braur J., Neutron dosimetry proceedings of the Symposium on neutron detection, Dosimetry, and Standaradiation. Vol.2. Vienna, IAEA (1963).
16. C. Vandecasteele et al, Model methods for trace element determination (1993).
17. C.B. Besant and P. J. Grant, Diffusion length of thermal neutrons in water between 24 and 82
18. C, Prit, J. Appl. Phys, Vol. 15 (1964).
19. D.D. Soet et al, Neutron activation analysis (1972).
20. K.H. Beckurts et al, Neutron physics, Oak Ridge National Lab., USA (1964).
21. K. Debertin et al, Gamma-and X-ray spectrometry with semiconductor detectors, USA (1988).
22. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Rsicc computer code collection: MCNP4C2, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 10 April (2000).
23. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Rsicc data libration collection: MCNPDATA, Los Alamos, New Mexico, March (2001).
24. Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., Neutron activation analysis detection limits using 252 Cf sources, 82, 97 (2000).
25. T. Sugi and M. Ohbu, The experiment manual on Moderation and Diffusion of neutrons, Lecture, NuTEC/JAEA, Japan (2006). (In Vietnamese)
26. Ho Manh Dung, Hanbook on neutron activation analysis (NAA), Nuclear Research Institute (2007).
27. Ho Manh Dung, Study and development of k-zero method for neutron activation analysis in reactor in order to determine multi-elements, PhD thesis in Physics, National University in Ho Chi Minh city (2003).
28. Huynh Truc Phuong, Ko standard method for neutron activation analysis in low energy range, PhD thesis in Physics, National University in Ho Chi Minh city (2009). [15].
29. Nguyen Minh Tuan et al, Experimental measurement of migration area of neutron in ligh water medium and diffusion lengh of neutron in graphite, Report of the training program on reactor engineering, NuHRDeC/JAEA (2009).
30. Vuong Huu Tan et al, Handbook on neutron physics, VAEI (2006).
31. Cao Dong Vu, Applicated study in method of prompt gamma-neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) using reactor for problem of quality test of raw materials and products for procedure of cement production, MSc thesis in Physics, Dalat University (2002). REFERENCES:
32. A. Pullia, Quasi-optimum gamma and X-ray spectroscopy based on real-time digital techniques, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 439 (2000) 378- 384.
33. Valentin T. Jordanov, Glen F. Knoll, Digital synthesis of pulse shape in real time for high resolution radiation spectroscopy, Journal of NIM, No.A345(1994) 337-345.
34. Valentin T. Jordanov, Glen F. Knoll, Digital techniques for real-time pulse shaping in radiation measurements, Journal of NIM, No.A353(1994) 261-264.
35. Martin Lauer, Digital Signal Processing for segmented HPGe Detectors Preprocessing Algorithms and Pulse Shape Analysis, Doctor of Science thesis, University of Heidelberg, Germany, 2004.
36. R. M. Keyser, Improved performance in germanium detector gamma-spectrometers based on digital signal processing, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 276, No.3 (2008) 567-575.
37. Valentin T. Jordanov, Glen F. Knoll, Digital Pulse Processor using a moving average technique, IEEE transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 40, No.4, 8/1993.
38. Steven W. Smith, The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing, California Technical Publishing, http://www.dspguide.com [8].
39. XILINX Web Page, http://www.xilinx.com
40. Warburton et al., Method and apparatus for digitally based high speed x-ray spectrometer, United States Patent 5,684,850, November 4, 1997.
41. Warburton et al., Method and apparatus for digitally based high speed x-ray spectrometer for direct coupled use with continuous discharge preamplifiers, United States Patent 5,774,522, June 30, 1998.
42. Warburton et al., Method and apparatus for analog signal conditioner for high speed, digital x-ray spectrometer, United States Patent 5,870,051, February 9, 1999.
43. Warburton et al., Method and Apparatus for combinatorial logic signal processor in a digitally based high speed X-ray spectrometer, United States Patent 5,873,054, Feb. 16, 1999. [13].
44. Nguyen Nhi Dien, Vuong Huu Tan, Pham Dinh Khang, The gamma-gamma Coincedence Spectrometer for Research on Nuclear Structure at DNRI, Proc. of International Symposium on Instrumetation of Small and Medium Accelerators, Tsukuba, Japan, 11.1996. [14].
45. Atsushi Kimura, Yosuke Toh, Mitsuo Koizumi, Akihiko Osa, Masumi Oshima, Jun Goto, and Masayuki Igashira, Development of a Data Acquisition System for a Multiple Gamma-Ray Detection Method, AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 769, Melville, New York, 2005.
46. P. D. Khang, N. X. Hai, V. H. Tan, N. N. Dien, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. Vol 631, pp. 47-51. [16].
47. User's Manual Digital Filder (DGF) version 3.0E, June 2004.
48. Spartan-6 FPGA Memory controller user guide, UG388 (v2.3) August 9, 2010 [18]. DP4 user manual D4.doc, 4/30/09 from Amptek Inc. REFERENCES:
49. Nguyen Thanh Tuy & cs, Report on sumarization of the Research and development of coal ash off-belt bulk analyser based on PGNAA technique using neutron source's project, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, September 2011.
50. J. Charbucinski, S. F. Youl, P. L. Eisler, and M. Borsaru, Prompt neutron-gamma logging for coal ash in water-filled boreholes, Geophysics; May 1986; v. 51; no. 5; p. 1110- 1118; DOI: 10.1190/1.1442165.
51. M. Bosaru, Z. Jecny, Application of PGNAA for bulk coal samples in 4Π geometry, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 54 (2001) 519-526. Available at www.elsevier.com/locate/apradiso
52. M. Bosaru, M. Biggs, W. Nichols, F. Bos, The application of prompt -gamma neutron activation analysis to borehole logging for coal, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 54 (2001) 335-343. Available at www.elsevier.com/locate/apradiso [5]. Technical data on Nucleonic Gauges, IAEA TECHDOC-1459, IAEA, July 2005. Fig. 5: Model of a PGNAA system on a vehicle (for illustration)
53. ISO/ASTM 51649-2005 Standard Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies Between 300 keV and 25 MeV, 2005, ASTM Int'l. [2] ICRU No 35 Radiation Dosimetry: Electron Beam with Energy between 1 and 50
54. MeV,15/09/1984 International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 7910 Wood- mint Avenue Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
55. R. B. Miller, Electronic Irradiation of Foods -An Introduction to the Technology, Spinger, 2005.
56. ISO/ASTM 51631-2003(E) Standard Practice for Use of Calorimetric Dosimetry Systems for Electron Beam Dose Measurements and Routine Dosimeter Calibration, 2003, ASTM Int'l.. REFERENCES:
57. Peter Strehl, "Beam instrumentation and diagnostics", Springer, New York, 2006 [2].
58. Ulrich Raich "Beam diagnostics" Beams Department CERN, Geneva, Switzerland [3].
59. P. Forck, A. Peters, P.Strehl "Beam diagnostic development of the new high current linac of GSI", Planckstr.1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
60. Mattia Georgsson "Beam Diagnostics on the MAX-Lab 100 MeV Race Track Microtron", Swedish National Laboratory, Swend. REFERENCES:
61. Industrial Process Tomography, IAEA -TECDOC -1589, May 2008 [2]. Clinical Applications of SPECT/CT: New Hybrid Nuclear Medicine Imaging System, IAEA -TECDOC -1597, August 2008 [3]. Emission Tomography -The Fundamental of PET and SPECT, Miles N. Wernick, Elsevier, 2004
62. SPECT/CT Physical Principles and Attenuation Correction, James A. Patton, J Nucl Med Tech 2008; 36:1-10.
63. Improvement of SPECT using radionuclide transmission attenuation maps, Damini Dey, Thesis of PhD, Calgary University, 1998.
64. Description of a Prototype Emission Transmission Computed Tomography Imaging System, Thomas F. Lang, University of California, J NucIMed 1992;33:1881-1887.
65. Y.B. Huang and C.C. Gryte, "Gamma Camera Imaging of Oil Displacement in Thin Slabs of Porous Media", J of Petrol Tech. 40, 1355-1360 (1988). REFERENCES:
66. Allewll, C., 2000, Assessing the origin of sulphate deposition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, J. Environ. Qual. 29: 759 -767.
67. Brian, W.R., Simon H.B., 1997, Discrimination of sulphur sources in pristine and polluted New Zealand river catchments using stable isotopes. Appl. Geochem. 12: 305-319.
68. Caritat P. de, nnk, 1997, Sulphur Isotope Composition of streamwater, Moss and Humus from eight Arctic Catchments in the Kola Peninsula Region (NW Russia, N Finland, NE Norway), Water. Air. and Soil Pollution 94: 191-208, 1997.
69. Carmody, R.W., Plummer L.N., Busenberg, E., Coplen, T.B. 1998, Methods for collection of dissolved sulphate and sulphide and analysis of their sulphur isotopic composition, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report No. 97 -234.
70. Coplen, T.B., Hopple, J.A., Bohlke, J.K., Peiser, H.S., Rieder S.E., Krouse, H.R., Rosman, K.J.R., Ding, T., Vocke, Jr., R.D., Re´-ve´sz, K.M., Lamberty, A., Taylor, P., De Bie`vre, P., 2002, Compilation of minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally occurring terrestrial materials and reagents, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4122, 98 pp.
71. Dogramaci S. S., 2001, Control on 34 S and 18 O of dissolve sulphate in aquifer of Murray Basin, Australia and their use as indicators of flow processes, Applied Geochemistry 16 : 475 -488.
72. Ian Clark and Peter Fritz, 1997, Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology, Lewis Publishers.
73. Herut, B., 1995, Source of sulphur rainwater as indicated by isotopic 34 S data and chemical composition Isarel, Atmopheric Environment Vol. 29: 851 -857, [9].
74. Ingri J, Torssander P, Andersson P, Morth C-M and Kusakabe M, 1997, Hydrogeochemistry of sulphur isotopes in the Kalix River catchment, Northern sweden, Appl. Geochem. 12:483-496,
75. Jenny Norrmal (2008), Arsenic mobilisation in a new well field for drinking water production along the Red River, Nam Du, Hanoi, Applied Geochemistry 23, 3127-3142.
76. Krouse H. 2005, Sulphur and oxygen isotopes in sulphate, Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology, pp195-231, Mayer B., Isotopes in the Water Cycle, Past, Present and Future of Developing Science, 67 -89, Springer 2005.
77. Mayer B., Assessing sources and transformations of sulphate and nitrate in the hydrosphere using isotope techniques, Isotopes in the Water Cycle, 2005, 67-89.
78. Paul F, Hudak, 2000, Sulfate and chloride concentrations in Texas aquifers, Environment International, 26, 55-61.
79. Stuyfzand, P.J., 1999, Patterns in groundwater chemistry resulting from groundwater flow, Hydrogeology Journal (1999) 7:15-27.
80. Thomas Pichler, 2004, 34 S isotope values of dissolved sulphate (SO 4 2- ) as a tracer for battery acid (H 2 SO 4 ) contamination in groundwater, Environmental Geology (2005) 47:215-224.
81. Torfstein A., I, Gavrieli, A. Katz , Y. Kolodny, M. Stein, 2008, Gypsum as a monitor of the paleo-limnological-hydrological conditions in Lake Lisan and the Dead Sea, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72 : 2491-2509.
82. reliable and have good accuracy and precision. Our results were usually within the quality control plan acceptance range 10-15 % of the certified value.
83. Determination of of Hg and Se in food and foodstuff. REFERENCES:
84. Hoang Nham (1993) -Inorganic chemistry -Publishing Education P.P. 245-247
85. Nguyen Đinh Soa (1989) -Inorganic chemistry -HoChiMinh City University of Technology P.P.80-85
86. J. Kucera, L. Soukal. (1993). Determination of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mo, Sb, Se in biological reference materials by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Vol. 168, No. 1 p.p.185-199.
87. Sun Laiyan, Lufengying, Su Rongwei, Zhen Houxi (1991). .Determination and evaluation of some trace elements in Chinese foodsuffs J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Vol. 151, No. 2 p.p.277-285
88. Y. Muramatsu, M. Sumiya (1994). Report on an IAEA Co-ordination Research Programme. NAHRES-23.
89. Vienna, p.p. 157-180.
90. N. Leelhaphunt, S. Chueinta, M. Punnachaiya, W. Chueinta, S. Nouchpramool (1994). Report on an IAEA Co-ordination Research Programme. NAHRES-23. Vienna, p.p. 215-287.
91. Nulcear techniques for toxic elements in foodstuffs. Report on an IAEA Co- odinated research Programma. NAHERES-23, IAEA, Vienna 1994.
92. E. Bujdoso, I.Feher and G. Kardos. Activation and decay tables of radioisotopes. Budapest 1973 p.p 86-87
93. Textbook on advanced nuclear analytical techniques in environmental impact from industry (1995)
94. PerkinElmer, A schematic of the SMS 100 mercury analyzer. REFERENCES:
95. CEI/IEC 61577-1 Radiation protection instrumetation -Radon and radon decay product measuring instruments.
96. Y. S. Mayya, K. P. Eappen, and K. S. V. Nambi, "Methodology for Mixed Field Inhalation Dosimetry in Monazite Areas Using a Twin Cup Dosimeter with Three Track Detectors", Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 77(1998), pp. 177-184.
97. K. P. Eappen and Y. S. Mayya, "Calibration Factors for LR-115 (Type II) Based Radon Thoron Discriminating Dosimeter", Radiation Measurements, 38(2004), pp. 5-17.
98. United Nations. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2000 report.
99. U.S. EPA, Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device Protocols, Office of Air and Radiation (6604J), EPA 402-R-92-004, July 1992 (revised [6].
100. U.S. EPA, Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device Protocols, Office of Air and Radiation (6604J), EPA 402-R-92-004, July 1992 (revised)
101. Qiuju GUO, Takao IIDA, Katsumi OKAMOTO, Measurement of Thoron Concentration by Passive Cup Method and Its Application to Dose Assessment, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 32(8), pp, 749-803, August 1995.
102. Orlaith Ni Choncubhair1, James Mc Laughlin1 and Shinji Tokonami2 Passive Measurements of Thoron and its Progeny in some dwellings in Ireland.
103. School of Physics, University College Dublin , Ireland 2. National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan Proceedings of NRE VIII Symposium, Rio de Janeiro 2007.
104. Qiuju GUO, Jianuoung SUN and Weihai ZHUO, Potential of High Thoron Exposure in China, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol.37, No.8, P. 716-719 (August 2000).
105. Marcia P. Campos, Brigite R.S. Pecequilo, Thoron exposure among Tour guides in Southern Brazilian Show caves, International Journal of low Radiation 2006- Vol.3, No.2/3, P.217-223.
106. Bill Brodhead, Thoron Gas Measurements [12].
107. T.V. Ramachandren, Environmental Assessment Division BARC, An International Journal of Nuclear Power -Vol.22(1), 2008. REFERENCES:
108. Rongjie Fu and Andy Zhai, "determination of Hormones ion shrimp by Agilent 1290 infinity LC with Agilent poroshell 120 LC column and agilent QuEChERS for sample preparation".
109. Chen Dongmei, Fei Liu, and Charles Yang, "Detection of Glucocorticoid Residues in derived Food by LC-MS/MS"
110. Liyod Snyder, "Practical HPLC method development", 2 nd Edition, [4].
111. Lloyd R.Snyder, Josph J.Kirkland, John W.Dolan, "Introduction To Modern Liquid Chromatography", third edition, [3].
112. E. Muraki et. al, Carbohydr Res., Vol. 239, pp. 227-237, 1993.
113. FNCA, Workshop "on Application of Electron Accelerator Radiation processing of Natural Polymer", 27-31 October 2008, Shanghai China, 2008.
114. Hai L., et al. Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B, 197, 259, 2002
115. Piyabutr Wanichpongpan and Kan Chantraromma, "Application of chitosan as broller growth", Advances in Chitin Science, pp. 524-526, 2002.
116. Rui-Lin Huang, ect., "Dietary oligochitosan supplementation enhances immune status of broilers", J. Sci. Food and Agr. Vol. 87, pp. 153-159 , 2007.
117. Shigehiro Hirano, etc., "Chitosan as an ingredient for domestic animal feeds", J. Agric. Food Chem, Vol. 38, 1214 -1217, 1990.
118. Ulanski, P., Rosiak, J., Priliminary "Studies on radiation-induced changes in chitosan", Radiation Physic and chemistry, Vol. 39, pp. 53-57, 1992. the model to accurately assess and compare the external radiation doses to the public for nuclear power program in the future. REFERENCE:
119. Pasquill F., Atmospheric diffusion: the dispersion of windborne material from industrial and other sources, 4th edition Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, 1996.
120. John R. Cooper, Keith Randle, and Ranjeet. S. Sokhi, Radioactive releases in the environment: Impact and assessment; Chapter 13: Modelling the dispersion of radionuclides in the environment, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, England, 2003.
121. A.J. Frikken, Accident: Nuclear accident consequence assessment code, Nuclear Saferty Bureau, Australia, 1997.
122. IAEA, Safety series No. 57, Generic models and parameters for assessing the environmental transfer of radionuclides from rountine releases, Vienna, 1982.
123. IAEA, Safety Reports Series No.19, Generic models for use in assessing the impact of discharges of radioactive substances to the environment, Vienna, 2001. [6].
124. Masanori Takeyasu, Toshimitsu Onuma, Takehiko Simizu & Hiromi Katagiri, Technical exercise, ORION-WIN: A computer code to estimate environmental concentration and radiation dose due to airborne release of radioactive materials from nuclear faculities, Tokai Works, Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, 2000.
125. Modeling the Thermal Expansion Boundary Layer During the Combustion of Energetic Materials, Igor R. Kuznetsov, D. Scott Stewart, Eliot Fried, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, October 27, 2000.
126. Influence of the Planetary Boundary Layer Physics on Medium-range Prediction of Monsoon over India, Swati Basu, Sethu Raman, U. C. Mohanty and E. N. Rajagopal, Pure appl. geophys. 155 (1999) 33-55.
127. Lagrangian statistics in atmospheric boundary layer derived from LES, Marek Uliasz -Mission Research Corporation, ASTER Division, Fort Collins, Colorado/Atmospheric Modeling & Analysis, Fort Collins, Colorado; Zbigniew Sorbjan -Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, The 13th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, American Meteorological Society 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Texas, USA.
128. On Monin-Obukhov similarity in the stable atmospheric boundary layer, Markus Pahlow & Marc B. Parlange -Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering / Center for Environmental and Applied Fluid Mechanics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, U.S.A.; and Fernando Porte Agel -Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, U.S.A., Boundary-Layer Meteorology 99: 225-248, 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Printed in the Netherlands, 17 August 2000. [11].
129. M. Mohan and T.A. Siddiqui, Analysis of various schemes for the esimation of atmospheric stability classification, J. Atmospheric Environment, Vol.32, No.21, p3775-3781, 1998. REFERENCES:
130. IAEA/RCA Workshop on calibration of personal dosimeters and survey instruments for radiation protection, Japan, 2000.
131. The Examination, Testing and Calibration of Portable Radiation Protection Instruments, Measurement Good practice Guide 14, National Physical Laboratory 1999. [3]. Portable radiation survey instruments use and calibration, 2009.
132. Calibration of Survey Instruments for the Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Fields and Radioactive Surface Contamination, NCRP Report No.112,1991.
133. Safety Reports Series No.16, Calibration of radiation protection monitoring instruments, IAEA, Vienna, 2000. REFERENCES:
134. H.M. Chau and T.V. Mac, Basic Analytical Chemistry, Science & Technology Publishing House (2002).
135. Hoang Nham, Inorganic Chemistry -Volume II, Educational Publishing House (1999).
136. Lam Ngoc Thu, Basic Analytical Chemistry, Hanoi National University Publishing House (2005).
137. Ngo Quang Huy, Ionizing radiation protection, Science & Technology Publishing House (2004).
138. J.S. Edmonds' and M. Morita, The Determination of Iodine Species in Environmental and Biological Samples, Pure and Applied Chemistry 70, 1567-1584, Austria (1998).
139. G.Svehla, Textbook of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, London (1979).
140. G.H. Jeffery, J. Bassett, Textbook of Quantitative Chemical analysis, London (1989).
141. IAEA, Quick Methods for Radiochemical Analysis, Technical Report Series 95 (1969).
142. Wiley Vch, Nuclear and radiochemistry, Federal Republic of Germany (2001).
143. J.L. Kovar and G.M. Pierzynski, Methods of Phosphorus Analysis for Soils, Sediments, Residuals, and Waters, Second Edition, USA (2004).
144. M.L. L'annunziata, Liquid Scintillation Analysis Principles and Practice, Oxford and New York (2003).
145. C.J. Passo Jr, Handbook of Environmental Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry, USA (1994).
146. National Diagnostics Laboratory Staff, Principles and Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting, USA (2004).
147. Harley Ross, J.E. Noakes, J.D. Spaulding, Liquid Scintillation Counting and Organic Scintillators, USA (1991).
148. Donaldl. Horrocks, Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting, Academic press New York and London (1974).
149. T. SAKURAI and T. HATTORI, Liquid Scintillation Counting Principle and Some Measurement Methods, JAEA (2004).
150. PerkinElmer, LSC in Practice Sample Preparation and Counting of Biological Samples, USA (2007).
151. Y. Kobayashi, Liquid Scintillation Analysis, Science and Technology, Packard Instrument Co., Inc. (1987).
152. James E. Martin, Physics for Radiation Protection, Second Edition, USA (2006).
153. NCRP, Individual Monitoring for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers -Design and Interpretation, Pub. No. 54, Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York (1987).
154. ICRP, Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of Workers -Replacement of ICRP Publication 54, Pub. No. 78, Elsevier Science, Oxford and New York (1997).
155. ICRP, Part 1: Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by workers for Internal Exposure of Workers -Replacement of ICRP Publication 54, ICRP Pub. No. 78, Elsevier Science, Oxford and New York (1978).
156. ICRP, Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection, UK (1992).
157. IAEA, Indirect Methods for Assessing Intakes of Radionuclides Causing Occupational Exposure, Safety Reports Series No. 18 (2000).
158. IAEA, Methods for Assessing Occupational Radiation Doses Due to Intakes of Radionuclides, Safety reports series No. 37 (2001).
159. NCRP, Use of Bioassay Procedures for Assessment of Internal Radionuclide Deposition, Report No. 87, Bethesda, MD, 20814, UK (1987).
160. Wiley Vch, Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, Federal Republic of Germany (2004).
161. Z. Marczenko and M. Balcerzak, Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, Amsterdam -Lausanne -New York -Oxford - Shannon -Tokyo (2000).
162. Zygmunt Marczenko and M a r i a B a l c e r z a k "Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis" A m s t e r d a m -L a u s a n n e-N e w Y o r k -O x f o r d -S h a n n o n -T o k y o, 2000 [30].
163. IAEA "Assessment of Occupational Exposure Due to Intakes of Radionuclides" safety standard series No. RS-G-1.2, 1999.
164. Fedorova, G.A., Bordarenco, N.T., Preparation and study of carboxymethyl starch. Chem. Nat. Comp. Vol.20, No.6, 653-657. 1985
165. Gebben, B., Van Der Berg, H. W. A., Bargeman, D., Smolders, C. A., Intramolecular crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol). Polymer 26, 1737-1740. 1985 [3].
166. Frank, M., Burchard, W.,Microgels by intramolecular crosslinking of poly(allylamine) single chains. Macromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 12, 645-652. 1991 [4].
167. Dasilveira, B.I., Diffusion in polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogels prepared by radiation technique. European Polymers Journal, 29 (8):p.1095-1098. 1993
168. Brasch, U., Burchard, W.,Preparation and solution properties of microhydrogels from poly (vinyl alcohol). Macromol. Chem. Phys. 197, 223-225. 1996
169. Ulanski, P., Janik, I., Rosiak, J. M., Radiation formation of polymeric nanogels. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 52, 289-294, 1998
170. Sabharval, S., Mohan, H., Bhardwaj, Y. K., Majali, A. B., Radiation induced crosslinking of poly(vinyl methyl ether). Radiat. Phys. Chem. 54, 643-653. 1999 [8].
171. Ulanski, P., J.M. Rosiak, The use of radiation technique in the synthesis of polymeric nanogels. Nuclear Instruments and methods in Physics Research B, 151, 356-360, 1999 [9].
172. Arndt, K. F., Schmidt, T., Reichelt, R., Thermo-sensitive poly (methyl vinyl ether) microgel formed by high energy radiation. Polymer 42, 6785-6791, 2001 [10].
173. Condon, J.R., et. al., Reduced polymerization stress through non-bonded nanofiller particles. Biomaterials, 23, 3807-3815, 2002 [11].
174. Pignatello, R., et. al., Flurbiprofen-loaded acrylate polymer nanosuspensions for ophthalmic application. Biomaterials, 23, 3247-3255, 2002 [12].
175. Hu, Y., et. Al., Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles. Biomaterials, 23, 3247-3255, 2002 [13].
176. Hoffman, A.S., Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 43, 3-12, 2002 [14].
177. Lugao, A.B., Rogero, S.O., and Malmonge, S.M., Rheological behavior of irradiated wound dressing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) hydrogel. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 63(3-6):p.543-546, 2002 [15].
178. Ulanski, P., Kadlubowski, S., Rosiak, J. M., Synthesis of poly (acrylic acid) nanogels by preparative pulse radiolysis. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63, 533-537, 2002 [16].
179. Bharali, D.J., Sahoo, S.K., Mozumdar, S., and Maitra, A., Crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles: a potential carrie for hydrophilic drugs. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 258 (2):p.415-423, 2003 [17].
180. Ray, S. S., et. al., Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: A review from preparation to processing. Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, 1539-1641, 2003 [18].
181. Kadlubowski, S., J. Grobelny, W. Olejniczak, M. Cichomski, and P. Ulanski, Pulse of fast electrons as a tool to synthesize poly(acrylic acid) nanogels. Intramolecular cross-linking of linear polymer chains in additive-free aqueous solution. Macromolecules, 36, 2484-2492, 2003 [19].
182. Ishizu, K., et. al., Architecture of nanostructured polymer. Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, 27-54, 2003 [20].
183. Liu, T., et. al., Nanofabrication in polymer matrices, Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, 5-26, 2003 [21].
184. Donnet, J. B., Nano-and micro-composites of polymers elastomers and their reinforcement. Composites Sci. Tech., 63, 1085-1088, 2003 [22].
185. Valentini, L., et. al., Morphological characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes-PP composites. Composites Sci. Tech., 63, 1149-1153, 2003 [23].
186. Nurkeeva, Z. S., P. Ulanski, J. M. Rosiak, Interpolymer complexes of poly(acrylic acid) nanogel with some non-ionic polymer in aqueous solutions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 236, 141-146, 2004 [24].
187. Heinze, T., Carboxymethyl ethers of cellulose and starch-A Review, phytochemistry, No.3, 13-29, 2005 [25].
188. Moorthy, V. K., et. al., An overview: Nanotechnology, http://www.vigyanprasar.com, 1-13, 2005 [26].
189. Benamer, S., Mahlous, M., Boukrif, A., Mansouri, B., and Youcef, S.L., Synthesis and characterization of hydrogels based on poly (vinyl pyrrolidone). Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 248 (2):p.284-290, 2006 [27].
190. Lin, W. C., D. G. Yu, M.C. Yang, Blood compatibility of novel poly(γ- glutamic acid) polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 47, 43-49, 2006 [28].
191. Devine, D. M., S. M. Devery, J. E. Kennedy, C. L. Higginbotham, Multifunctional poly(vinylpyrrolydone) -poly(acrylic acid) copolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. In press, 2006 [29].
192. Jeszka, J. K., Kadlubowski, S., Ulanski, P., Monte Carlo stimulations of nanogel formation by intra-molecular recombination of radicals on polymer chain. Dispersive kinetics controlled by chain dynamics. Macromolecules, 39, 857-870, 2006 [30].
193. Takigami, M., et. al., Preparation and properties of CMC gel. Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 32(3), 713-716, 2007 [31].
194. Hamidi, M., Azadi, A., Rafiei, P., 2008. Hydrogel nanoparticles in drug delivery. Adv. Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1638-1649, 2008 [32].
195. Trần Văn Đắc, Công nghệ nano -thách thức hay cơ hội, 4, 55-59, 2004 [33].
196. Trần Đức Đắc, Về một phát minh trong công nghệ nano -liên hệ và suy nghĩ, Tạp chí hoạt động khoa học, 32-33, 2005 [34].
197. Nguyễn Xuân Chánh, Ống nanocácbon -vật liệu hàng đầu của công nghệ nano, Tạp chí hoạt động khoa học, 5, 56-59, 2005 [35]. Công nghệ nano: Triển vọng cho những nước nghèo, http://www.
198. Uldrich, J., D. Newberry (Hà Xuân Vinh dịch), Công nghệ nano đầu tư và đầu tư mạo hiểm, Nhà Xuất bản trẻ, 2006.
199. Q. Li et al., Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: Potential applications and implications, Water Research 42, pp. 4591-4602, 2008.
200. Y. Li et al., Antimicrobial effect of surgical masks coated with nanoparticles, Journal of Hospital Infection 62, pp. 58-63, 2006.
201. P. Gupta et al., Investigation of antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles- loaded poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)-grafted cotton fabric, The Journal of Cotton Science 12, pp. 280-286, 2008.
202. S. T. Dubas et al., Layer-by-layer deposition of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles on textile fibers, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 289, pp. 105-109, 2006.
203. C. M. Jone et al., A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 12, pp. 1531-1551, 2010.
204. Biological evaluation of medical devices, Part 10: Test for irriatation and delayed-type hypersensitivity, TCVN 7391-10, pp. 68, 2007 equivalent ISO 10993-10: 2002 [12].
205. D. Long et al., Preparation of oligochitosan stabilized silver nano particles by gamma irradiation, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 76, pp. 1126-1131, 2007.
206. Y. Liu et al., Preparation of high-stable silver nanoparticle dispersion by using sodium alginate as a stabilizer under gamma radiation, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 78 (4), pp. 251-255, 2009.
207. Truong Thi Hanh et al., Study on immobilization of silver nanoparticles onto cotton fabrics for antibactial activity, Summation Report of Scientific and Technological Subject, Basic Level -CS/09/07-02, 2009.
208. S. Staszewski et al., The X-ray activated reduction of silver solutions as a method for nanoparticle manufacturing, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 28 (1), pp. 23-26, 2008. REFERENCES:
209. J. Kim et al., Cryogenic CO 2 formation on oxidized gold clusters synthesized via reactive layer assisted deposition, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 14592-14593, 2005.
210. Z. Nie et al., Enhanced radical scavenging activity by antioxidant-functionalized gold nanoparticles: A novel inspiration for development of new artificial antioxidants, Free Radical Biol. Med., 43, 1243-1254, 2007.
211. A. Ramanavicienne et al., Spectrophotometric evaluation of gold nanoparticles as red-ox mediator for glucose oxidase, Sensors and Actuators B, 137, 483-489, 2009. [4].
212. X. Huang, M.A. El-Sayed, Gold nanoparticles: Optimal properties and implementations in cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy, J. Adv. Res., 1, 13-28, 2010.
213. Y.C. Yang et al., Synchrotron X-ray synthesis of colloidal gold particles for drug delivery, Mater. Chem. Phys., 100, 72-76, 2006.
214. V. Amendola et al., Laser ablation synthesis of gold nanoparticles in organic solvents, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 7232-7237, 2006.
215. I. Hussain et al., Size-controlled synthesis of near-monodisperse gold nanoparticles in the 1-4 nm range using polymeric stabilizers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 16398- 16399, 2005.
216. L. Huang et al., Synthesis, size control and fluorescence studies on gold nanoparticles in carboxymethylated chitosan aqueous solutions, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 316, 398-404, 2007.
217. M. Treguer et al., Dose rate effects on radiolytic synthesis of gold-silver bimetallic clusters in solution, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 4310-4321, 1998.
218. M.E. Meyre et al., Radiation-induced synthesis of gold nanoparticles within lamellar phases. Formation of aligned colloidal gold by radiolysis, Langmuir, 24, 4421-4425, 2008.
219. N.T. Anh et al., Synthesis of alginate stabilized gold nanoparticles by γ- irradiation with controllable size using different Au 3+ conc. and seed particles enlargement, Rad. Phys. Chem., 79, 405-408, 2010.
220. N.Q. Hien et al., Preparation of gold nanoparticles by γ-irradiation method, J. Chem., 47(2), 174-179, 2009 (in Vietnamese with English abstract).
221. S. Aryal et al., Radical scavenger for the stabilization of gold nanoparticles, Mater. Lett., 61, 4225-4230, 2007.
222. A.M. Alkilany, C.J. Murphy, Toxicity and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles: what we have learned so far? J. Nanopart. Res., 12(7), 2313-2333, 2010.
223. S. Yang et al., UV irradiation induced formation of Au nanoparticles at room temperature: the case of pH values, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 301, 174- 183, 2007.
224. A. Akhavan et al., Radiation synthesis and characterization of protein stabilized gold nanoparticles, Chem. Eng. J., 159, 230-235, 2010.
225. M.M. Kemp et al., Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles stabilized with glycosaminoglycans having distinctive biological activities, Biomacromolecules, 10, 589-595, 2009.
226. Nguyen Thi Kim Lan et al., Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Co-60 gamma irradiation using alginate as stabilizer, Journal of Chemistry, 48 (3), 298-302, 2010. [5].
227. L. Jiang et al., Controllable embedding of silver nanoparticles on silica nanospheres using poly (acrylic acid) as a soft template, Nanotechnology, 18, 185603 (6pp), 2007.
228. M. Muniz-Miranda, SERS-active Ag/SiO 2 colloids: photoreduction mechanism of the silver ions and catalytic activity of the colloidal nanoparticles, J. Raman Spectrosc., 35, 839- 842, 2004.
229. M. Zhu et al., Fabrication of nanoscaled silica layer on the surfaces of submicron SiO 2 -Ag core-shell spheres, Mater. Chem. Phys., 100, 333-336, 2006.
230. S. Tang et al., Ultrasonic electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles on dielectric silica spheres, Nanotechnology, 18, 295607 (6pp), 2007.
231. V. Hornebecq et al., Stable silver nanoparticles immobilized in mesoporous silica, Chem. Mater., 15, 1993-1999, 2003. [10]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_dioxide.
232. TCVN-5165-90, Method of determination of aerobic bacterium total, 1/7-3/7, 1990.
233. S.P. Ramnani et al., Synthesis of silver nanoparticles supported on silica aerogel using gamma radiolysis, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 76, 1290-1294, 2007.
234. D. Lawless et al., Reduction and aggregation of silver ions at the surface of colloidal silica, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 9619-9625, 1994.
235. M. K. Temgire et al., Optical and structural studies of silver nanoparticles, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 71(5), 1039-1044, 2004.
236. J. Belloni et al., Radiation-induced synthesis of mono-and multi-metallic clusters and nanocolloids, New J. Chem., 1239-1255, 1998.
237. B.D. Du et al., Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by γ-ray irradiation using PVA as stabilizer, Journal of Chemistry, 45, 136-140, 2007.
238. F. Hund et al., Formation and entrapment of noble metal clusters in silica aerogel monoliths by γ-radiolysis, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 465-469, 2003.
239. A. Sárkány et al., Styrene oxide transformation on SiO 2 -stabilised Ag nanoparticles prepared by gamma-radiolysis, Applied Catalysis A: General, 293, 41-48, 2005.
240. T. Tuval, A. Gedanken, A microwave-assisted polyol method for the deposition of silver nanoparticles on silica spheres, Nanotechnology, 18, 255601 (7pp), 2007.
241. S. Tang et al., Ultrasonic electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles on dielectric silica spheres, Nanotechnology, 18, pp. 295607 (6pp), 2007.
242. S. Oh et al., Synthesis of Ag and Ag SiO2 nanoparticles by γ-irradiation and their antibacterial and antifungal efficiency against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Botrytis cinerea, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 275, 228-233, 2006. REFERENCES:
243. C. Chen and et al., Study of nano-Au-assembled amperometric CO gas sensor Sensor and Actuators B. 107, 866-871, 2005
244. Vijayalakshmi Kattumuri, Gold nanoparticles for Biomedical application: synthesis, characterization, In vitro and in vivo studies, Thesis for the degree of philosophiea doctor, The Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia, December, 2006
245. P. K. Jain, Au nanoparticles target cancer Nanotoday, 2, 18-29, (2007)
246. J. Turkevich, P. C. Kim, Palladium: Preparation and catalytic Properties of Particles of Uniform Size Science, 169, p. 873-879, 1970
247. K. C. Wu, Y. L. Tung, C. C., Dai, Nano-gold catalyst and process for preparing the same, US Patent No. 6911413 (2005)
248. I. Hussain and et al., Preparation of actylate-stabilizer gold and silver hydrosols and gold-polymer composite film, Lang, 19, 4831-4835, 2003 [7].
249. D. Meisel, Radiation effects on nanoparticles Emerging applications of radiation in nanotechnology IAEA-TECDOC-1438, March 2005, p. 125-135
250. Taihua Li, Hyun Gyu Part and Seong-Ho Choi, γ-Irradiation-induced preparation of Ag and Au nanoparticles and their characterizations Materials Chemistry and Physics, 105, p. 325-330, 2007
251. J. Ultich và D. Newberry, Công nghệ nano -Đàu tư và đầu tư mạo hiểm (Sách dịch) NXB Trẻ, (2006).
252. Nguyễn Quốc Thắng, Công nghệ nano công nghệ của tương lai gần http://www.htu.edu.vn (2008)
253. Vũ Công Phong, Nano vàng và ứng dụng trong thực tiễn http://www.thegioinano.com , 2008
254. A. Becue and et al., Use of gold nanoparticles as molecular intermediates for the detection of fingermarks, Forensic Science International 168, p. 169-176, 2007 [13].
255. Y. Du and et al., A simple method to fabricate a chitosan -gold nanoparticles film and its application in glucose biosensor Bioelectrochemistry, 70, 342-347, 2007
256. A. Sugunan, C. Thanachayanont, J. Dutta, J.G. Hilborn Heavy-metal ion sensors using-capped gold nanoparticles Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 6, p. 335-340, 2005
257. Nguyễn Quốc Hiến, Đặng Văn Phú, Nguyễn Thị Kim Lan, Nguyễn Tuệ Anh, Nguyễn Xuân Dung, Nguyễn Đức Châu, Bùi Huy Du, Nguyễn Thị Phương Phong Chế tạo vàng nano bằng phương pháp chiếu xạ Tạp chí Hóa học, 47, p. 174-179, 2009.
258. The Annual report for the period of 1985-2000, The Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare elements, Science and Technical publishing house, Hanoi, 2005.
259. IAEA, Manual on Laboratory Testing for Uranium Ores Processing, Austria, 1990.
260. Than Van Lien, "Uranium hydrometallurgy", Hanoi National University publishing house, Hanoi 2004.
261. Stefan Robertson, Progression of Metallurgical Test work during Heap Leach Design, Biotechnology Division, Council of Mineral Technology, 2/2008 [5].
262. World Uranium mining, http://www.world-nuclear.org REFERENCE:
263. M. Takahashi, H. Miyazaki, Y. Katoh (1984), New Solvent Extraction Process for Zirconium and Hafnium, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Sixth International Symposium, ASTM STP 824, D. G. Franklin and R. B. Adamson, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 45-46.
264. Franklin D. Miller (1961), Solvent Extraction Process for Separating Hafnium from Zirconium, Golf Manor, Ohio, National Distillers and Chemical Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Virginia, United States Petent Office: 3006719 Patented Oct. 31 st 1961. [3].
265. А. М. Евсеев, Л. С. Николаева (1988), МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ
266. МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РАВНОВЕСИЙ, Глава 3, Построение адекватной математической модели экстракции идикаторных количеств циркония, Издателство Московсково Университета, с. 88-113.
267. G. L. Miller (1957), Mettallurgy of the rare metals, Zirconium; U.S.A. Publishing Edition, Academic Press Inc., 111, fifth Avenue New York 3, NEW YORK.
268. M. Taghizadeh, R. Ghasemzadeh, K. Saberyan, M. Ghanadi Maragheh (2008), Determianation of optimum process conditions for the extraction and separation of zirconium and hafnium by solvent extraction, Hydrometallurgy 90, Elsevier.
269. B. K. Sharma (2000), Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, India.
270. I. V. Blazheva, Yu. S. Fedorov, B. Ya. Zilberman (2007), Extraction of Zirconium with Tributyl Phosphate from Nitric Acid Solutions, Khlopin Radium Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Radiokhimiya, 2008, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp 221-224.
271. James D. Navratil (1986), Solvent Extration in Nuclear Technology, Rockwell International, Rocky Flats Plant, P. O. Box 464, Golden CO 80401, U.S.A., Pure & Appl. Chem., Vol 58, No. 6, pp 885-888.
272. Voit, Donald O. (1992), Solvent prestripping in a Zr/Hf separation liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) circuit, US. Patent No. 5132016.
273. M. M. Rajmane, B. M. Sargar, S. V. Mahamuni and A. Anuse (2005), Solvent extraction separation of zirconium(IV) from succinate media with N-n-octylaniline, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 71 (3) 223-234.
274. C1066-97 Standard Specification for Nuclear Grade Zirconium Oxide Pellets [12]. C1065 Specification for Nuclear-Grade Zirconium Oxide Power [13].
275. G. Radha Krishna, H. R. Ravindra, B. Gopalan, S. Syamsunder (1995), Determination of iron in nuclear grade zirconium oxide by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using an internal intensity reference, Analytica Chimica Acta Volume 309, Issues 1-3, Pages 333-338.
276. M. Al-Jobori, Determination of impurities in zircaloy clad by means of neutron activation analysis, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 120, No. 1/Jan 1988. [15].
277. Lyle G. Overholser, Charles J. Bartin, Sr., John W. Ramsey, Oak Ridge, Tern. (1960), Separation of Hafnium from Zirconium, U.S.A., Patented May 31, Ser. No. 2938769. [16].
278. B. Ramachandra Reddy, J. Rajesh Kumar and A. Varanda Reddy (2006), 3- Phenyl-4-Acyl-5-Isoxazolones as Reagents for Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Tetravalent Zirconium and Hafnium from Acidic Chloride Solutions, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol 17, No. 4, pp 780-784.
279. M. Al-Jobori, Determination of impurities in zircalloy clad by means of neutron activation analysis, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Volume 120, Number 1-January, 1988.
280. G. F. Egorov * , G. P. Tkhorzhinitskii * , B. Ya. Zilberman ** , O. V. Shmidt ** , and N.
281. D. Goletskii ** (2004), Radiation Chemical Behavior of Tribultyl Phosphate, Dibutylphosphoric Acid, and Its Zirconium Salt in Organic Solutions and Two-Phase Systems, Radiochemistry, Vol. 47, No. 4, 2005, pp. 392-397.
282. Anil K. Mukherji (1970), Analytical chemistry of zirconium and hafnium, Pergamon Press.
283. Patricio Peralta-Zamora, Lorena Cornejo-Ponce, Maria Izabel Maretti S. Bueno, Jose Walter Martins (1997), Zirconium and hafnium determination by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence with solid phase preconcentration, Talanta, vol. 44, 811-816.
284. Jarvis, K. E.; A. L. Gray; and R. S. Houk. (1992), Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Chapman and Hall: New York. REFERENCES:
285. А.Н. Зеликман, О.Е. Креин. Металлургия Редких Металлов. Москва «Металлургия» 1978.
286. Bùi Văn Mưu, Nguyễn Văn Hiền, Nguyễn Kế Bính, Trương Ngọc Thận. Lý thuyết các quá trình luyện kim. Hỏa luyện tập 1. Hà nội-1997.
287. D.Y. Kim, Moshutuka et al: Metall Review of Mmij, 10 (1993) P25 -45.
288. Đỗ Ngọc Liên. Báo cáo thực hiện đề tài: Nghiên cứu công nghệ và thiết bị điều chế một số vật liệu có triển vọng ứng dụng trong ngành hạt nhân. Hà Nội năm 2003.
289. Ed Franknil. Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry. Sixth International Symposium. Philadenshia 1984.
290. M. Al-Jobori, Determination of impurities in zircaloy clad by means of neutron activation analysis Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Volume 120, Number 1/January, 1988.
291. Nguyễn Văn Sinh. Nghiên cứu xây dựng qui trình điều chế thử nghiệm bột zirconi kim loại bằng phương pháp hoàn nguyên nhiệt canxi. Hà Nội 2010.
292. United State Patent 4285724. Continuous production of finely divided zirconium powder -2006
293. J.W. Mellor, D.Sc.,F.R.S. Inorganic and theoretical chemistry. Volume VII.
294. Longmans, green and co. London. New York. Toronto.
295. Zirconium metal powder Grade AB, dry -Article Number 453085 -Special Metals Division-2008. REFERENCES:
296. Cao Đình Thanh, Ngô Văn Tuyến; Kết quả nghiên cứu công nghệ sản xuất điôxit zircon từ sa khoáng biển Việt Nam ; Hội nghị toàn quốc lần thứ 2 Hội khoa học công nghệ tuyển khoáng -Hà Nội -11/2005.
297. Ngô Văn Tuyến; Nghiên cứu chế thử muối zircon oxyclorua (ZrOCl 2 .8H 2 O) đạt chất lượng cao t ừ tinh quặng zircon Việt Nam; Báo cáo tổng kết đề tài NCKH, Viện Công nghệ xạ hiếm, 2007.
298. nghệ xạ hiếm, 2006.
299. Phan Đình Tuấn, Đỗ Quý Sơn, Lê Thị Kim Dung, Ngô Văn Tuyến, Hoàng Văn Sính, nghiên cứu điều kiện công nghệ tách Si trong quá trình sản xuất chế phẩm oxit zircon kỹ thuật, Viện Công Nghệ Xạ Hiếm 2001.
300. ZELIKMAN, A.N., KREIN O.E. and SAMSONOB, G.B., Metallurgy of Rare Metals, Metallurgy, Moscow, 1978. REFERENCES:
301. Ye Sheng, Bing Zhou, Chengyu Wang, Xu Zhao, Yanhui Deng, Zichen Wang "In situ preparation of hydrophobic CaCO 3 in the presence of sodium oleate" Applied Surface Science 253 (2006) 1983-1987.
302. Xue Chen, Yanchao Zhu, Yupeng Guo, Bing Zhou, Xu Zhao, Yanyan Dua, Hong Lei, Minggang Li, ZichenWanga "Carbonization synthesis of hydrophobic CaCO 3 at room temperature" Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 353 (2010) 97-103.
303. Chengyu Wang, Ye Sheng, Hari-Bala, Xu Zhao, Jingzhe Zhao, Xiaokun Ma, Zichen Wang "A novel aqueous-phase route to synthesize hydrophobic CaCO particles in situ" Materials Science and Engineering C 27 (2007) 42-45.
304. X, F, Zeng, W, Y, Wang, G, Q, Wang, J, F, Chen, "Influence of the diameter of CaCO 3 paticles on the mechanical and rheological properties of PVC composites", J Master Sci (2008) 43, 3505-3509.
305. Jian-Feng Chen and et al, "Synthesis of nanoparticles with novel technology: High gravity reactive precipitation", Ind, Eng, Chem, Res, (2000), 39, 948-954.
306. Conclusions and proposals
307. Firstly, from our work, we can see that, if U 3 O 8 is added into UO 2 powder, then it is pressed and sintered, density of sintered pellets almost decreases about 0.49% and the average grain size is about 10.48µm, higher than that of the pellets which are fabricated conventionally.
308. Secondly, these results are preliminary. So it is necessary to implement some more experiments to ensure more effects of additive U 3 O 8 on characteristics of UO 2 pellets. REFERENCES:
309. Nguyễn Đức Kim và cộng sự, Nghiên cứu hoàn thiện quy trình công nghệ chế tạo viên gốm UO 2 , BCKH, 2000
310. H. Assmann, W. Dőgrr and M. Peehs, Control of UO 2 microstructure by oxydative sintering, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 140 (1986) l-6
311. Kun Soo Song, et al, Grain size control of UO 2 pellets by adding heat-treated U 3 O 8 particles to UO 2 powder, Journal of Nuclear materials 317 (2003), page 204 -211 [4].
312. J.B. Patro, et al, UO 2 fuel -Quantitative approach for characterization, Journal of nuclear materials 106 (1982) page 81-86.
313. J. Belle, Uranium dioxide: properties and nuclear applications, Book, US. Government Printing Office, 1961.
314. Yato, et al, Method of controlling the crystal grain size of uranium dioxide pellet, United States Patent, patent number 4873031, Oct 1989. REFERENCES:
315. Thủy luyện Urani, Than Van Lien, Hanoi National University Publisher;
316. Chemical Analysis of Geological Materials: Theory and Practice, AMD, Chemistry Group, Hydrebad, India, 2003;
317. Depleted Uranium in Serbia/Montenegro, Post-Conflict Environmental
318. Assessment, UNEP document, 2002;
319. Recent Development in uranium resources and production with emphasis on in-situ leaching mining, IAEA-TECDOC-1396 (2004);
320. Uranium production and raw materials for the nuclear fuel cycle. IAEA-CN 128 (2005);
321. Manual of acid in-situ leaching uranium mining technology, IAEA-TECDOC-1329 (2001);
322. Determination of UO 3 and U 3 O 8 in brown oxide, L. G. Stonhill, Canal. J. Chem. Vol. 36 (1958);
323. Oxidation state analyses of uranium with emphasis on chemical speciation in geological media, Heini Ervanne, University of Helsinki, Finland (2004).
324. Conclusion
325. Silicon is the principal component of research sample. Besides, there also is a part of albit, mica, chlorite in the sample. Concentration of uranium in the sample is low. Uranium exists in two common types: phosphate and silicate minerals.
326. By using two selection schemes, we can separate uranium ore into two parts whose U content is more than 550 ppm and less than 190 ppm. The flow-sheet of classificaton combined with gravity separation has been chosen to separate Palua ore.
327. It is necessary to continue researching this project, using the flotation method in order to increase U content in concentrates and reduce U content in waste tail, especially, in case U in tailings is 190 ppm. REFERENCES:
328. Nguyen Duy Phap -Báo cáo tổng kết đề tài cơ sở CS10/03/02: Nghiên cứu tính khả tuyển quặng cát kết vùng Pà Lừa, tỉnh Quảng Nam bằng phương pháp tuyển trọng lực, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, Hanoi Aug. 2011.
329. Proceeding of scientific reports 1985-2000, ITTRE, Hanoi 2002.
330. Hoang Viet Chinh -Báo cáo tổng quan các kết quả nghiên cứu địa chất -khoáng vật khu Pà Lừa -Ministry of Resource and Environment. Hanoi. 2002. phosphorus in the eutrophic water at pH from 5 to 7, The P absorption capacity of the bent-la material decreased with increase of pH (pH=8-9). REFERENCES:
331. Ferber (2004) -Ferber L.R, Levine S.N, Lini A & Liningston G.P (2004), Do Cyanobacteria dominate in eutrophic lakes because they fix atmospheric nitrogen ?, Freshwater Biology, 49, 690-708.
332. von Sperlinga (2008) -von Sperlinga E, da Silva Ferreirab A.C & Gomesc L.N.L (2008), Comparative eutrophication development in two Brazilian water supply reservoirs with respect to nutrient concentrations and bacteria growth. Desalination. 226,169-174.
333. Harding (2004) -Harding (2004), Harbeespoort Dam Remediation Project (phase 1), 94 page.
334. Woo (2005) -Woo Shin E, Karthikeyan K.G & Tshabalala M.A (2005), Orthophosphate sorption onto lanthanum-treated lignocellulosic sorbents. Environmental science & Technology, 39, 6273-6279.
335. Ning (2008) -Ning P, Bart H.J, Li B, Lu X, Zhang Y (2008), Phosphate removal from wastewater by model-La(III) zeolite adsorption, Journal of Environmental Science, 6, 670 -674.
336. Haghseresht (2009) -Haghseresht F, Wang S, Do D.D (2009), A novel lanthanum- modified bentonite, Phoslock, for phosphate removal from wastewaters, Applied Clay Science 46, 369 -375.
337. Tian (2009) -Tian S, Jiang P, Ning P, Su Y (2009), Enhanced adsorption removal of phosphate from water by mixed lanthanum/aluminum pillared montmorillonite, Chemical Engineering Journal, 151, 141 -148.
338. Yan (2010) -Yan Liang-gua, Xu Yuan-yuan, Yu Hai-qin, Xin Xiao-dong, Wei Q, Du B (2010), Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by hydroxyl-aluminum, hydroxy- iron and hydroxyl-iron-aluminum pillared bentonites, Journal of Hazardous Materials 179, 244 -250.
339. Zuo (2011) -Zuo S, Zhou R, Chenze QI (2011), Synthesis and characterization of aluminum and Al/REE pillared clays and supported palladium catalysts for benzene oxidation, Journal of Rare Earths, Vol. 29, No. 1, 52 -57.
340. Özacar (2006) -Özacar M (2006), Contact time optimization of two-stage batch adsorber design using second-order kinetic model for the adsorption of phosphate aonto alunite, Journal of Haradous Materials, Vol. 137, 1, 218 -225.
341. -The major advantages of the BFP method are a very simple 'one standard' calibration procedure, ability to determine the element concentrations without a priori knowledge of the sample 'dark matrix'and few requirements concerning the sample preparation. REFERENCES:
342. Nielson KK. Anal.Chem 1977;49: 641 [2].
343. M. Sarkar and M.L. Garg. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B83(1993)373 -376.
344. M. Rubio and R.T. Mainardi. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A255(1987)403 -410
345. Dariusz Wegrzynek, Andrzej Markowicz and Ernesto Chinea-Cano. X-ray spectrometry 2003;32:119-128.
346. Giovanni E. Gigante and Sebastiano Sciuti Int J. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes V 35, No.6, pp 481-488, 1984
347. H. P. Schatzler. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes V 30, pp 115-121, 1984
348. Leif Hojslet Christensen. Analytical Chimica Acta, 188(1986)15-22
349. Vũ Quốc Trọng, Thái Mỹ Phê . Báo cáo đề tài cấp bộ năm 2002. Nghiên cứu và áp dụng phương pháp phân tích bằng tham số cơ bản trên hệ detector Si-PIN để phân tích mẫu hợp kim ngoài hiện trường.
350. Van Grieken RE, Andrzej Markowicz. Handbook of X ray spectrometry, 2001.
351. QXAS Quantitative X ray Analysis System. IAEA Manual. IAEA:Vienna, 1996.
352. Hubell JH, Veigele WJ, Briggs EA, Brown RT, Cromer DT, Howerton RJ Journal Physical Chemitry Reference Data 1975;4: 471. using ICP-MS, Tạp chí hoá học, tháng 10/2010.
353. Huynh Van Trung, Nguyen Xuan Chien, Le Hong Minh; Determination of uranium, thorium, lead isotopic compositions in single zircon, Tạp chí Phân tích Hoá, Lý và Sinh học, T-15, 4-2010, trang 302- 306.
354. Huynh Van Trung, Nguyen Xuan Chien, Le Hong Minh; Separation of hafnium in zirconium matrix by cation-exchange chromatography for determination of its content and isotopic composition using ICP-MS, Tạp chí Phân tích Hoá, Lý và Sinh học (submitted).
355. Nguyen Thi Kim Dung, Pham Ngoc Khai; Quantitative Determination of Trace Elements (Cr, As, Se, Cd, Hg, Pb) in some oriental herb products using ICP-MS, Tạp chí Hóa học, T.48, 4C (2010) 626-632.
356. Hoang Manh Hung, Nguyen Thi Kim Dung; Analysis of Impurities in methamphetamine seized in Vietnam: A tool to determine the synthesis method and trace links; Tạp chí Hóa học, T48, 4C (2010) 263-267.
357. Lê quang Thái, Vũ Khắc Tuấn, Trịnh Nguyên Quỳnh, Đoàn Thị Mơ, Nguyễn Hồng Hà, Bùi Thị Bảy; Làm giàu và làm sạch dung dịch hoà tách bằng hệ trao đổi ion liên tục, Tạp chí Hoá học, (đã phản biện tháng 9/2010).
358. Ngô Văn Tuyến; Nghiên cứu quy trình công nghệ sản xuất muối zirconi oxyclorrua (ZrOCl 2 .8H 2 O) từ tinh quặng zircon silicat Việt Nam, Tạp chí Khoa học và công nghệ các trường đại học kỹ thuật, Số 76/2010.
359. Hoàng Nhuận, Ngô Sỹ Lương, Nguyễn Hùng Huy; "Nghiên cứu cấu trúc và khảo sát khả năng thăng hoa của một số phức chất Paladi β- Đixetonat", Tạp chí Hoá học, T48 (2), 2010.
360. Lê Quang Thái cùng các cộng sự; Changes of ratio of particle sizes, effect of curing time and washing flowrate during Leaching of non- weathered sandstone ore by strong acid pugging and curing technique, Tạp chí Nuclear Science and Technology, ISSN 1810-5408, Published by Vietnam Atomic Energy Society, No. 3, September 2009.
361. ThS Nguyễn Duy Pháp, CN Bùi Thị Bảy, CN Nguyễn Anh Dũng; Bleaching the sericite concentrate by using system of sulfuric acid -oxalic acid -sodium dithionite. Tạp chí Nuclear Science and Technology (đang chờ phản biện).
362. Lê Bá Thuận, Bùi Văn Thắng, Trần Văn Sơn; Nghiên cứu công nghệ xử lý nước hồ Hoàn kiếm bằng vật liệu bentonit biến tính lantan. Tạp chí hóa học, T.48 , 4C, tr. 384-389, (2010).
363. Lê Bá Thuận, Bùi Văn Thắng, Nguyễn Mạnh Trường, Trần Văn Sơn, Thân Văn Liên; Nghiên cứu hấp phụ photpho trong dung dịch nước bằng vật liệu bentonit biến tính lantan. Tạp chí hóa học, T.48 , 4C, tr. 402- 407, (2010).
364. Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Lê Thị Thanh Trân; Xác định hàm lượng Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Se và As trong một số loài nhuyễn thể ở Phan Rang, Vũng Tàu và Đà Lạt bằng phương pháp quang phổ hấp thụ nguyên tử. Tạp chí phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học Việt Nam, T14, N O 3, trang 77-82 (2009).
365. Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Nguyễn Thị Hồng Thọ; Đánh giá hàm lượng Cu, Zn trong một số giống chè trồng ở ba vùng chuyên canh của tỉnh Lâm Đồng. Tạp chí phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học Việt Nam, T14, N O 3, trang 7-13 (2009).
366. Nguyen Van Hung, Bui Van Loat; Intercomparison on internal dose assessment for 131 I. Journal of Science: Mathematics-Physics, ISSN 0866-8612, Vol.25, No.3, p.179-184, 2009. Đại học quốc gia Hà Nội (VNU), Hanoi.
367. Bui Van Loat, Nguyen Van Quan, Le Tuan Anh, Tran The Anh, Nguyen The Nghia, Nguyen Van Hung; Studying of characteristics of GEM40P4 HPGe detector by experiment. Journal of Science: Mathematics-Physics, ISSN 0866-8612, Vol.25, No.4, p.231-236, 2009, Đại học quốc gia Hà Nội (VNU), Hanoi.
368. Cao Đông Vũ, Phạm Ngọc Sơn, Lê Thị Ngọc Trinh, Phan Thành Nhựt, Nguyễn Thị Sỹ, Nguyễn Văn Minh, Hồ Mạnh Dũng, Phạm Thị Hải, Nguyễn Kim Dung, Vương Hữu Tấn; Những kết quả ban đầu và tiềm năng ứng dụng phương pháp phân tích kích hoạt nơtrôn trong nghiên cứu nguồn gốc vật liệu khảo cổ đất nung ở Việt Nam. Tạp chí Phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học, tập T-14, số 4-2009, trang 8-13.
369. Cao Đông Vũ, Phạm Ngọc Sơn, Lê Thị Ngọc Trinh, Phan Thành Nhựt, Nguyễn Thị Sỹ, Nguyễn Văn Minh, Phạm Thị Hải, Nguyễn Kim Dung, Vương Hữu Tấn; Nghiên cứu nguồn gốc vật liệu khảo cổ đất nung khu di tích Cát Tiên bằng phương pháp phân tích kích hoạt nơtrôn và thống kê đa biến. Tạp chí Khảo cổ học, tập 162, số 6/2009, trang 64- 78.
370. Pedro Carlos Domingo Lemos, Phan Long Ho, Cao Dong Vu, Nguyen Thi Sy, Le Thi Ngoc Trinh; The data statistic assessment for multi-element analysis results of human hair sample from people living in some areas of Angola, Nuclear Science and Technology, vol. 3, No. September 2009, page 32-39.
371. Nghiêm Lê Thanh Tâm, Nguyễn Văn Minh, Cao Đông Vũ; Nghiên cứu điều kiện tối ưu để tách kẽm trong mẫu địa chất và xác định bằng phương pháp phân tích kích hoạt nơtrôn (NAA), tạp chí Phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học, tập T-15, số 4-2010, trang 276-279.
372. Nguyễn Mộng Sinh, Nguyễn Thị Hồng Thắm, Nguyễn Tiến Đạt; Nghiên cứu mối tương quan giữa hàm lượng magiê, đồng, kẽm, mangan trong dịch trích ly chlorophyll với hàm lượng tổng magiê, đồng, kẽm, mangan của một vài loại rau ăn lá, Tạp chí phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học, tập 14, số 4/2009.
373. Nguyễn Giằng, Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Nguyễn Thanh Tâm, Trương Phương Mai, Trương Đức Toàn; Xác định hàm lượng thủy ngân trong các mẫu lương thực bằng phương pháp phân tích kích hoạt nơtron có xử lý hóa học, Tạp chí phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học, tập 14, số 4/2009.
374. Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Lê Tất Mua, Nguyễn Tiến Đạt, Phạm Thị Lan Phi; Nghiên cứu phương pháp chiết pha rắn với hỗn hợp chất hấp phụ than hoạt tính và silicagel để tách và làm giàu dư lượng hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật trong các loại rau và phân tích bằng phương pháp sắc ký khí. Tạp chí phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học, T. 15, N O 3, trang 286-290 (2010).
375. Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Lê Văn An, Huỳnh Văn Trung, Nguyễn Thanh Bình; Xác định thành phần vi lượng trong lá và mủ cao su ở các độ tuổi khác nhau. Phần 1. Đánh giá hàm lượng mangan trong lá và mủ cao su của dòng vô tính PB-235 ở các độ tuổi khác nhau bằng phương pháp kích hoạt nơtron. Tạp chí phân tích Hóa, Lý và Sinh học, T.15, N O 4, trang 47- 51 (2010).
376. Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Trương Minh Trí; Nghiên cứu khả năng dịch chuyển một số nguyên tố Cu, Mn, Cr, As trong nước thải tại khu công nghiệp An Phú, tỉnh Phú Yên. Tạp chí hóa học, T.48, Tr.408-414, 2010.
377. Trần Thị Thủy, Lê Hải, Huỳnh Thiên Phúc, Nguyễn Trọng Hoành Phong, Nguyễn Duy Hạng, Nguyễn Tường Ly Lan; Bảo quản cam tươi bằng chitosan chiếu xạ. Tap chí Công nghệ sinh học 8 (3B): 1429, 2010.
378. Nguyễn Duy Hạng, Nguyễn Giằng, Trương Đức Toàn, Nguyễn Thị Thoa, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Tho, Ngô Thị Yến Phi. Nghiên cứu hấp thụ asen trong môi trường lỏng bằng nấm Trichoderma. Tạp chí Công nghệ sinh học 8 (3B): 1745-1749, 2010.
379. Hoàng Sỹ Minh Phương, Nguyễn Văn Hùng; Mô phỏng Monte Carlo bằng chương trình MCNP và kiểm chứng thực nghiệm phép đo chiều dày vật liệu đối với hệ chuyên dụng MYO-101. Tạp chí Phát triển khoa học và công nghệ, ISSN 1859-0128. T.13, No.T2, Tr.83-91, 2010. Đại học quốc gia Tp. HCM.
380. Le Quang Huan, La Thi Huyen, Tran Thi Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Thi Thu; Studies on Radiolabelled recombinant immunotoxin for medical purpose. Advances in Natural Sciences, Vol.10, No.3, P. 407-417, 2009. Center for Nuclear Techniques 1. Nguyễn Huỳnh Phương Uyên, Võ Thị Thu Hà, Lê Quang Luân; Nghiên cứu tạo dòng biến dị hình thái in vitro cây địa lan tím hột bằng phương pháp chiếu xạ gamma C0-60. Tr. 34-39. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo ứng dụng công nghệ cao trong sản xuất hoa và cây kiểng.
381. Nguyễn Thị tuyết Mai, Võ Thị Thu Hà, Nguyễn Huỳnh Phương Uyên, Lê Quang Luân; Nghiên cứu nhân nhanh và tạo dòng biến dị invitro cây Lan hài hang (Phiopedium delenatii). Tr. 40-44. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo ứng dụng công nghệ cao trong sản xuất hoa và cây kiểng.
382. Nguyễn Thị Kim Lan, Đặng Văn Phú, Võ Thị Kim Lăng, Nguyễn
383. Le Hai, Nguyen Trong Hoanh Phong, Le Van Toan, Nguyen T. Ly Lan and Nguyen Tan Man; Research and Application of Radiation Processed Polymers to Enhance Oil Recovery in Petroleum Industry - Current Status and Prospects. NIC, 13-15 Dec. 2010, Mumbai, India. tại Viện CNXH, Tuyển tập báo cáo Hội nghị khoa học công nghệ tuyển khoáng toàn quốc lần thứ III, 6/2010.
384. Nguyễn Bá Tiến; Một số đánh giá ban đầu về hiện trạng phóng xạ tự nhiên dọc tuyến đường HCM, Tuyển tập báo cáo Hội nghị khoa học công nghệ tuyển khoáng toàn quốc lần thứ III, 6/2010.

View morearrow_downward

FAQs

AI

What explains the efficiency of bent-La in treating eutrophic ponds?add

The research demonstrates that bent-La significantly reduces SRP levels, showing a 50% decrease within 24 hours in eutrophic lake water.

How were the thermodynamic parameters of P absorption determined?add

Isothermal lines for P absorption on bent-La were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models, determining endothermic behavior.

What is the optimal concentration of bent-La for treating blue-green algae blooms?add

For effective treatment, bent-La should be applied at a dosage of 200 mg/L to pond water.

How does the stability of modified nanomaterials vary over time?add

N-PVP showed better stability than PVP over three months, particularly when exposed to sunlight and gamma radiation.

What results were obtained from field tests of bent-La material?add

Field trials showed that SRP concentration decreased to 0.05 mg/L after treatment, significantly improving water quality.

Related papers

Studying the Possibility of Using Marine Brown Algae (Sargassum) and Standard Sodium Alginate to Reduce Concentrations of Lanthanum La ³⁺ and Cerium Ce ³⁺ from Standard SolutionsMr.Abdullah primo

Social Science Research Network, 2022

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightResearch on algae growing in open system with cascade-type installationLucretia Popa

Engineering for Rural Development, 2018

Algae represent an important natural resource that can be capitalized in the human economy being used in food, as organic fertilizers and as a raw material for the production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, alternative fuels, etc. The paper presents the results of the laboratory research carried out with a cascade type pilot installation for algae growing in open system. The installation typically has one or more transparent plane reactors, arranged in cascade, a collecting compartment, lighting system, stirring system, algal culture recirculation system to ensure the development conditions. Algae culture slips in a thin layer (<40 mm) on transparent panels that favour direct solar irradiance, easy heat dissipation, easy cleaning and maintenance. Bold Basal Medium (BBM) was used to ensure the culture with the nutrients needed for mineral nutrition and the concentration of the constituent substances was carefully monitored throughout the experiments. To study the algae culture growth rate, we measured and analysed mainly the cell density, dynamic viscosity, the pH of the nutrient medium, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity, determinations with a photospectrometer, under different environmental conditions created by the lighting regime and the ambient temperature. The research was aimed at obtaining algal biomass, considered renewable energy that provides biofuels, with a simple installation, by virtue of its construction, and adaptable to various environmental conditions.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightOptimization and qualitative comparison of two vinasse pre-treatments aiming at microalgae cultivationAna Teresa Lombardi

Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 2021

The cultivation of microalgae is a possible destination for vinasse, a residue from the sugar and alcohol industry. This use can help reduce the costs of microalgae production and remediate this residue rich in nutrients. However, the physicochemical characteristics of vinasse limit its use for microalgae growth at low concentrations, except when the residue is pretreated. This work aimed at optimizing the vinasse pretreatments of centrifugation and adsorption by smectite clay and activated charcoal on laboratory scale in terms of amounts of materials used and time spent, making them more viable on larger scales. The optimized processes were then compared in productive, economic, and environmental terms. The dilution of treated vinasse with distilled water resulted in similar growth of Chlorella vulgaris to those obtained with the dilution in BG11 medium, indicating that the addition of nutrients in culture media is not necessary. Although microalgae growth occurs in higher concentr...

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightThe development of an approach for the production and use of algae to treat urban wastewaterrobson masaraure

2016

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_rightImmobilized Algae for Produced Water Treatment and DesalinationShibin Nadersha

International journal of environmental science and development, 2022

Produced water (PW) is the effluent generated during oil mining and extraction. On average, for every barrel of oil, 4-5 barrels of PW are generated worldwide. The presence of various contaminants in PW makes it toxic. Disposal of untreated PW into oceans and water bodies can cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Taking into account the large volumes of it being generated, and its effects on the environment, proper treatment is required before reuse or disposal. Microalgal treatment is an effective method for the bioremediation and biodesalination of produced water when acclimatized algal biomass is used for the treatment. However, harvesting this acclimatized high-value algal biomass for reuse and recycling, and the reuse or disposal of produced water is challenging. Thus, the immobilization of microalgae into polymer matrices will be beneficial in solving both problems. Different polymers, both natural and synthetic are used as matrices for immobilizing cells. In this study, experiments were done with alginate and chitosan matrices to immobilize algae. Microalgae enriched and grown in wastewater were acclimatized to three different produced water samples by progressive adaptation in a steadily increasing ratio of produced water. The algae which could adapt and grow in the highest ratio in minimum time were immobilized and used for bioremediation of produced water. The study also evaluated the stability of the matrix in produced water and the treatment efficiency. The results of the study led to the conclusion that produced water is highly toxic for the stability of alginate and chitosan matrices. A more stable matrix has to be determined and experimented with for immobilizing algae and treatment of produced water.

downloadDownload free PDFView PDFchevron_right

Related topics

Materials ScienceaddFollow

• Explore
• Papers
• Topics

• Features
• Mentions
• Analytics
• PDF Packages
• Advanced Search
• Search Alerts

• Journals
• Academia.edu Journals
• My submissions
• Reviewer Hub
• Why publish with us
• Testimonials

• Company
• About
• Careers
• Press
• Help Center
• Terms
• Privacy
• Copyright
• Content Policy

580 California St., Suite 400San Francisco, CA, 94104© 2026 Academia. All rights reserved