TÓM TẮT NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 - 123doc

Intended Future and Future Simple.. Thì tơng lai gần và tơng lai đơn giản Tenses Affirmation KĐ Negation PĐ Interrogation Intended Future S + am/ is/ are + going to +V1 S + am/ is/ are+

Tóm tắt ngữ pháp tiếng anh 8

1 Present Simple and Present Progressive tenses (Thì hiện tại đơn giản và thì

hiện tại tiếp diễn)

Present

Simple

(Thì hiện

tại đơn)

S + am/ is/

are

S + V(s/es)

S + am/ is/ are not

S + don’t/ doesn’t +

V1

Am/ Is/ Are = S +.?

Do/ Does + S +

V1?

Everyday ,always, usually, often, never, hardly, in the morning/

afternoon/ evening/ in spring/

summer/ autumn/, On Mondays/ at weekends

Present

Progressive

(Thí hiện

tại tiếp

diễn)

S + am/ is/

are + V-ing

S + am/ is/ are (not) + V-ing

Am/ Is/ Are + S +V-ing?

Now, at the present/ moment/ this time/

Look! Listen! Be careful! Be quiet!

Hurry up…

2 Intended Future and Future Simple ( Thì tơng lai gần và tơng lai đơn giản)

Tenses Affirmation

(KĐ) Negation (PĐ)

Interrogation

Intended

Future

S + am/ is/ are + going to +V1

S + am/ is/ are+ not + going to +V1

Am/ Is/ Are + S + going to +V1 ?

Tomorrow, soon, tonight, next, this weekend, someday, in the future

Future

Simple

S+ will + V1 S+ will not + V1 Will + S + V1?

The differences between intended future and future simple: (Sự khỏc nhau giữa

tương lai gần và tương lai đơn giản)

Intended future (Thì tơng lai gần) Future simple (Thì tơng lai đơn)

1 í định đó được dự trự, sắp xếp trước khi núi:

- I am going to visit New York this summer

2 Sự suy đoỏn chắc chắn dựa vào căn cứ hiện tại:

- There are a lot of clouds I think it is going to

rain

1 í định ngay khi núi hay hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai khụng phụ thuộc vào ý định:

- He will come here tomorrow

2 í kiến, lời hứa, hy vọng, phỏt biểu về một hành động trong tương lai: (think, promise, hope, expect )

- Wait here and I will get you a drink

- I think you will pass the exam

3 Past simple tense( Thỡ quỏ khứ đơn giản)

Past

simple

S + was/ were

S + V 2 / V–

ed

S + wasn’t/ weren’t

S + didn’t + V1

Was/ Were + S +

…?

Did + S + V1?

Yesterday, ago, last, in 199 < 2008…

Past habit: S + used to + V1

* Diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ nhng nay không còn nữa

(He used to go swimming when he was young.)

4 Past progressive tense( Thỡ quỏ khứ tiếp diễn)

Past

progressive

S + was/ were + V_ing

S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V_ing

Was/ Were + S + V_ing …?

At this time yesterday(last week, last month…), when, while

5 present perfect tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

Present

perfect

S + have/has + V3

S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3

Have/has + S+

V3 ?

just, recently, ever, never, already, since, for, so far, yet, up to now

6 Enough to: S + be (not) + adj+ enough (+ for + O) + to Inf

A Đồng chủ ngữ: Nam is not old He is in my class.

Nam is not old enough to be in my class

B Khâc chủ ngữ: This book is very interesting You should read it.

This book is interesting enough to for you to read (bỏ very

7 Adjective order in a noun phrase(TrỊt tù cña tÝnh tõ trong mĩt côm danh tõ)

8 Reflexive pronouns :( Đại từ phản thđn hay nhấn mạnh)

Reflexive

Yourself/

yourselves Ourselves Themselves Himself Herself Itself

- Theo sau câc động từ (enjoy, look at, cut, dress, serve ); cho biết chủ ngữ vă tđn ngữ lă một

người

Oh I cut myself I look myself in the mirror.

- Đặt ngay sau chủ ngữ hay tđn ngữ để bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hay tđn ngữ đó

I myself was new here last year

I saw Tan himself yesterday.

- Đặt ngay sau từ BY mang ý nghĩa lă một mình.

You should do it by yourself.

9 Modal verbs ( §ĩng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu) MUST - HAVE TO - OUGHT TO:

DiÔn t¶ sù viÖc ngíi nêi ra

lÖnh hoƯc mong ®îc thùc

hiÖn

DiÔn t¶ sù b¾t buĩc m¹nh tõ bªn ngoµi DiÔn t¶ viÖc thùc hiÖn líi khuyªn theo tr¸ch

nhiÖm nhng kh«ng ch¾c ®îc thùc hiÖn hay kh«ng

I must take some pills

from the doctor I have to go to the bank to get some money You ought to apologize him

10 Comparison: (So s¸nh)

Comparison Comparative (So s¸nh h¬n) Superlative ( So s¸nh nhÍt)

Short adj

( tÝnh tõ ng¾n)

S +V+ adj _er + than + S2

small → smaller; big → bigger

S + V + the adj –est + n

small → the smallest; big → the biggest

Long adj

( tÝnh tõ dµi) S +V+ more + adj + than + S2 expensive → more expensive

beautiful → more beautiful

S + V + the most + adj + n

expensive → the most expensive beautiful → the most beautiful

11 Commands, requests and invitations: (C©u mÖnh lÖnh, c©u yªu cÌu, c©u

míi )

Commands (C©u mÖnh lÖnh ) Requests (c©u yªu cÌu ) Invitations (c©u míi()

Yªu cÌu hay ra lÖnh ai lµm g×

B¾t ®Ìu lµ ®ĩng tõ nguyªn

mĨu

ị phñ ®Þnh b¾t ®Ìu lµ Don’t +

V1.

.

- Yªu cÌu ai lµm viÖc g× ®ê cho

m×nh “Can/Could/ May /Might

you ?”

- §Ò nghÞ ,xin phÐp ai lµm mĩt viÖc g× ®ễ

“Can/Could/ May /Might I ?”

- Míi mĩt ngíi kh¸c dïng mĩt thø g×

“Will you have/ Would you like ?”

-Míi mĩt ngíi thùc hiÖn mĩt viÖc g×

“Will/ would/ could you ? “ “Would you like to ?”

- Go to the black board.

- Don’t talk in the class - Can you lend me some money? - Could I take photographs here? - Will you have some tea?- Yes, please. - Would you like to go now?- I’d love to.

11 Commands, requests and invitations in reported speech: (Câu mệnh lệnh,

câu yêu cầu, lời khuyên trong cách nói gián tiếp )

Reported speech:

1 Affirmation commands: S+ told / asked B + to V1

2 Negation commands: S+ told / asked B + not to

V1 …

3 Requests: S+ told / asked+ B + to V1

4 Advice: S + advised+ B + to V1

-NgôI thứ nhất chuyển về cùng ngôI ngời nóii.

-NgôI thứ hai chuyển về cùng ngôI ngời nghe

-NgôI thứ ba không đổi ngôI (I, you, he, she, they)

night

year

1 Mệnh lệnh KĐ: I said to Tom, “Open the book for me.”

 I told / asked Tom to open the book for me.

2 Mệnh lệnh PĐ: The teacher said to us, “Don’t talk in class.”

 The teacher asked us not to talk in class.

3 Lời khuyên: He said to his son,” You ought to do your homework

tonight.”

 He advised his son to do his homework that night

4 Yêu cầu: “Could you close this door?” said Nam to me.

 Nam asked / requested me to close that door.

12 Passive forms ( Dạng bị động)

 Quan sát:

- Câu chủ động : Mr Smith teaches English

- Câu bị động : English is taught by Mr Smith

 Quy tắc:

- Tân ngữ chủ động -> chủ ngữ bị động

- Động từ bị đđộng: Be + PII (ed/V3).

- Chủ ngữ chủ động -> tân ngữ bị động ( trước có giới từ by)

- Sơ đồ S V O

S + be + PII ( ed/V3 ) + by + O

 Bảng tóm tắt các thì và động từ khuyết thiếu trong câu bị động.

Present simple S + am/ is/ are + PII ( ed/V 30 ) + ( by + O )

Past simple S + was, were + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O )

Present

progressive S + am/is/ are + being + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).

Past progressive S + was/ were + being + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O ).

Present perfect S + have/ has + been + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O )

Past perfect S + had + been + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O )

Future simple S + will + be + PII ( ed/V3) + ( by + O )

Be going to S + am/is/are + going to + be + PII ( ed/V 3 ) + ( by + O )

MODEL VERBS S + can/could/would/should + be + PII ( ed/V 3 ) +

(by+O )

must/have to/may/might

1./ Real conditional sentences in the present :Type 1 ( §iÒu kiÖn cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i)

If + S+ V(present simple) , S + Will + V (inf)

Eg : If you work harder, you will pass the next exam

2./ Unreal conditional sentences in the present:Type 2 (§iÒu kiÖn kh«ng cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i)

If+ S+ V(past simple) , S + Would / could / should + V (inf)

Eg : - If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world

- If he were you , he should help her

* N o t e :

1./ In the unreal condition : Be = Were with all persons

Trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng cã thËt: Be = Were cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i

2./ Unless = If not

Eg : If you don’t go right away, you will not go to school on time

- Unless you go right away, you will not go to school on time

3./ VP + or + clause - unless + S + V , clause

Eg : Behave yourself or your parents won’t be happy

Unless you behave yourself, your parents won’t be happy

4./ Rewrite the sentences with ‘ IF‛ : ViÕt l¹i c©u víi ‘IF’

Present simple (+/- not) IF condition 2

Eg : If I don’t know the answer , so I can’t tell you

-> If I knew the answer , I could tell you