Vulgar - Wiktionary

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See also: vulgär and vulgær

English

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Alternative forms

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  • (early modern English): vulgare

Etymology

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From Middle English vulgare, from Latin vulgāris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥k-. Compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ἁλία (halía, “assembly”), εἰλέω (eiléō, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic великъ (velikŭ, “great”).

Pronunciation

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  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈvʌl.ɡə/
  • (US) enPR: vŭlʹgər, IPA(key): /ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌlɡə(ɹ)

Adjective

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vulgar (comparative more vulgar or vulgarer, superlative most vulgar or vulgarest)

  1. Debased; uncouth; distasteful; obscene. Coordinate terms: derogatory, disparaging, offensive vulgar language vulgar words a truly vulgar showing of affection vulgar and highly distressing scenes
    • 1551, James A.H. Murray, editor, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society.‎[1], volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1888, Part 1, page 217:Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber.
    • 1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 150:And, placed discreetly among these commonplaces, a few pieces of genuine quality, bizarrely distinguished by craftsmanship from the vulgar products of the machine.
    • 2023 May 28, Robert Armstrong, “The world wobbles; the luxury industry strides on”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 21:Several years ago I interviewed the CEO of a car manufacturer whose products start in the six figures. He told me his customers could always afford to buy his cars, but in recessions they found it vulgar to do so.
  2. (especially taxonomy) Common, usual; of the typical kind. vulgar bush brown (Bicyclus vulgaris)
    • 1869, Richard Francis Burton, The Highlands of the Brazil, page 85:A vulture (V. aura), probably the Acabiry first described by Azara, is here called […] the hunter. It resembles in form the vulgar bird, but it flies high. The head is red, and the wings are black with silver lining, like the noble Bateleur of Africa.
  3. (mathematics) Being a vulgar fraction.
    • 2022, Mary Jane Sterling, Algebra II All-in-One For Dummies, page 282:A fraction is vulgar if it has one integer divided by another integer, as long as the integer that's doing the dividing isn't equal to zero.

Synonyms

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  • (obscene): inappropriate, obscene, debased, uncouth, offensive, ignoble, mean, profane, crass, crude, coarse
  • (ordinary): common, ordinary, popular

Derived terms

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  • (obscene): vulgarity, vulgarian
  • (ordinary): vulgar fraction, vulgate, Vulgate
  • Vulgar Era
  • vulgar fraction
  • Vulgar Latin
  • vulgar Marxism

Translations

[edit] distasteful, uncouth, obscene
  • Afrikaans: onbeskaaf (af), ongepoets (af), platvloers (af), vulgêr (af)
  • Albanian: vulgar (sq)
  • Arabic: بَذِيء (ar) (baḏīʔ) Egyptian Arabic: بذىء (arz) m (bazīʔ)
  • Armenian: կոպիտ (hy) (kopit)
  • Belarusian: вульга́рны (be) (vulʹhárny), непрысто́йны (be) (njeprystójny)
  • Bulgarian: вулга́рен (bg) (vulgáren), неприли́чен (bg) (neprilíčen), непристо́ен (bg) (nepristóen)
  • Catalan: vulgar (ca)
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 鄙俗 (zh) (bǐsú), 粗俗 (zh) (cūsú)
  • Czech: vulgární (cs), sprostý (cs), hrubý (cs)
  • Danish: vulgær (da), (dated) obskøn (da), uanstændig (da), grov (da)
  • Dutch: vulgair (nl), obsceen (nl), smakeloos (nl), ruw (nl), ordinair (nl)
  • Esperanto: triviala (eo), vulgara (eo)
  • Finnish: rivo (fi), vulgaari (fi), alatyylinen (fi) (linguistics), sivistymätön (fi)
  • French: vulgaire (fr), obscène (fr)
  • Galician: vulgar (gl)
  • Georgian: უხეში (ka) (uxeši), ვულგარული (ka) (vulgaruli), უკმეხი (ka) (uḳmexi), მდარე (ka) (mdare)
  • German: vulgär (de), unfein (de), ungebildet (de), unanständig (de), ungehobelt (de), vulgärsprachlich (de)
  • Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (got) (gamains)
  • Greek: χυδαίος (el) (chydaíos), πρόστυχος (el) (próstychos), αγοραίος (el) (agoraíos) Ancient Greek: βάναυσος (grc) (bánausos), φορτικός (grc) (phortikós)
  • Gujarati: અશ્લીલ (gu) (aślīl), બીભત્સ (gu) (bībhats)
  • Hebrew: ווּלְגָרִי (he) m (vulgári), הֲמוֹנִי (he) m (hamoní)
  • Hindi: वल्गर (hi) (valgar), अश्लील (hi) (aślīl)
  • Hungarian: közönséges (hu), otromba (hu), durva (hu), trágár (hu), vulgáris (hu)
  • Indonesian: vulgar (id), cabul (id), kotor (id), jorok (id), tak senonoh (id)
  • Italian: osceno (it), triviale (it), volgare (it), indecente (it)
  • Japanese: 卑しい (ja) (iyashii), 汚い (ja) (kitanai)
  • Lakota: šikšíl (lkt)
  • Norwegian: Bokmål: vulgær (no) Nynorsk: vulgær (nn)
  • Persian: رکیک (fa) (rakik), مبتذل (fa) (mobtazal)
  • Polish: obsceniczny (pl), wulgarny (pl)
  • Portuguese: vulgar (pt), obsceno (pt), indecente (pt)
  • Romanian: obscen (ro), vulgar (ro)
  • Russian: вульга́рный (ru) (vulʹgárnyj), непристо́йный (ru) (nepristójnyj), неприли́чный (ru) (neprilíčnyj), по́шлый (ru) (póšlyj)
  • Sanskrit: अनार्य (sa) (anārya)
  • Slovene: vulgaren (sl)
  • Spanish: vulgar (es), chabacano (es), ramplón (es)
  • Swedish: vulgär (sv)
  • Telugu: అశ్లీలము (te) (aślīlamu)
  • Thai: หยาบคาย (th) (yàap-kaai)
  • Turkish: kaba (tr)
  • Ukrainian: вульга́рний (uk) (vulʹhárnyj), непристо́йний (uk) (neprystójnyj)
having to do with common people
  • Afrikaans: volks (af), gewoon (af), algemeen (af)
  • Arabic: Egyptian Arabic: شعبى (arz) m (šáʕbi)
  • Bulgarian: простонароден (bg) (prostonaroden)
  • Catalan: vulgar (ca)
  • Chinese: Mandarin: 平民的 (zh) (píngmín de), 庶民的 (zh) (shùmín de), 百姓的 (zh) (bǎixìng de)
  • Czech: prostý (cs), lidový (cs)
  • Danish: vulgær (da), simpel (da), ordinær (da), (dated) gemen (da), plat (da)
  • Dutch: volks (nl), gewoon (nl), gemeen (nl), ordinair (nl)
  • Esperanto: vulgara (eo)
  • Finnish: kansanomainen (fi), rahvaanomainen (fi)
  • Galician: vulgar (gl)
  • Georgian: საყოველთა (ka) (saq̇ovelta), გლეხური (ka) (glexuri)
  • German: allgemein (de), ordinär (de), vulgär (de), vulgärsprachlich (de), Volks- (de), volkstümlich (de), gemein (de), gewöhnlich (de)
  • Greek: κοινός (el) (koinós)
  • Japanese: 平民の (ja) (heimin no), 庶民的な (ja) (shominteki na)
  • Portuguese: vulgar (pt), popular (pt), comum (pt)
  • Romanian: grosolan (ro), comun (ro), ordinar (ro)
  • Russian: простонаро́дный (ru) (prostonaródnyj)
  • Scottish Gaelic: gràisgeil (gd)
  • Slovene: ljudski (sl)
  • Spanish: vulgar (es), shumo (es) (of a person, Guatemala)
  • Swedish: (please verify) vulgär (sv), pöbel- (sv), pöbelaktig (sv), gemen (sv)
  • Turkish: Ottoman Turkish: بیاغی (ota) (bayağı)

Noun

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vulgar (plural vulgars)

  1. (historical or derogatory) A common, ordinary person.
    • 2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830:Popular antiquarian writings […] frequently focused on the regional vulgars' superstitious beliefs regarding the dead and their ongoing presence—such as popular funeral rites or the vulgars' fear of church yards.
  2. (collective) The common people.
  3. The language of a people, especially the commoners. Synonyms: vulgate, vernacular
    • 1623, William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True Originall Copies, London, act 5, scene 1, page 204, Internet Shakespeare Editions:Therefore you Clowne, abandon: which is in the vulgar, leaue the societie: which in the boorish, is companie, of this female: which in the common, is woman: which together, is, abandon the society of this Female,  […](Or in a modern form: Therefore, you clown, abandon—which is in the vulgar, “leave”—the society—which in the boorish is “company”—of this female—which in the common is “woman”—which together is: abandon the society of this female, […])

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin vulgāris.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (Central) [bulˈɣar]
  • IPA(key): (Balearic) [vulˈɣa]
  • IPA(key): (Valencia) [vulˈɣaɾ]
  • Audio (Barcelona):(file)

Adjective

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vulgar m or f (masculine and feminine plural vulgars)

  1. vulgar

Derived terms

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  • vulgarment
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  • vulgaritat

Further reading

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  • “vulgar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Galician

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Etymology

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From Latin vulgāris.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [bulˈɣaɾ]

Adjective

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vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)

  1. common to the people, vulgar
  2. ordinary, undistinguished Synonym: prosaico
  3. popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical Synonyms: común, popular Antonyms: científico, técnico
  4. simple, unintelligent
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  • vulgaridade
  • vulgarismo
  • vulgarmente
  • vulgo

Noun

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vulgar m (plural vulgares)

  1. vulgar (the vernacular tongue or common language of a country)

Further reading

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  • “vulgar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026

References

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  • Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “uulgar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
  • Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “vulgar”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
  • Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “vulgar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
  • Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “vulgar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
  • “vulgar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026

Occitan

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Béarn):(file)
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Adjective

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vulgar m (feminine singular vulgara, masculine plural vulgars, feminine plural vulgaras)

  1. vulgar, common to the people
  2. ordinary, undistinguished
  3. popular

Derived terms

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  • vulgarament
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  • vulgarizacion
  • vulgarizar
  • vulgaritat

Further reading

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  • Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana‎[2], L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2025, page 742

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin vulgāris.

Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /vuwˈɡaʁ/ [vuʊ̯ˈɡah]
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /vuwˈɡaʁ/ [vuʊ̯ˈɡah]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /vuwˈɡaɾ/ [vuʊ̯ˈɡaɾ]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /vuwˈɡaʁ/ [vuʊ̯ˈɡaχ]
    • (Caipira) IPA(key): /vuwˈɡaɻ/ [vuʊ̯ˈɡaɻ]
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /vulˈɡaɾ/ [vuɫˈɣaɾ]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /vulˈɡaɾ/ [vuɫˈɣaɾ]
    • (Northern Portugal) IPA(key): /bulˈɡaɾ/ [buɫˈɣaɾ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /vulˈɡa.ɾi/ [vuɫˈɣa.ɾi]
  • Hyphenation: vul‧gar

Adjective

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vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)

  1. common to the people, vulgar
  2. ordinary, undistinguished Synonym: prosaico
  3. popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical Synonyms: comum, popular Antonyms: científico, técnico
  4. simple, unintelligent
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  • vulgaridade
  • vulgarismo
  • vulgo

Further reading

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  • “vulgar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
  • “vulgar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French vulgaire, Latin vulgaris.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /vulˈɡar/

Adjective

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vulgar m or n (feminine singular vulgară, masculine plural vulgari, feminine/neuter plural vulgare)

  1. vulgar Synonyms: grosolan, ordinar, comun

Declension

[edit] Declension of vulgar
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-accusative indefinite vulgar vulgară vulgari vulgare
definite vulgarul vulgara vulgarii vulgarele
genitive-dative indefinite vulgar vulgare vulgari vulgare
definite vulgarului vulgarei vulgarilor vulgarelor
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  • vulg

Spanish

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Etymology

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From Latin vulgāris.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bulˈɡaɾ/ [bulˈɣ̞aɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: vul‧gar

Adjective

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vulgar m or f (masculine and feminine plural vulgares)

  1. vulgar (all senses)

Derived terms

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  • latín vulgar
  • pinzón vulgar
  • vulgarísimo
  • vulgarmente
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  • vulgaridad
  • vulgo

Further reading

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  • “vulgar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

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