Multiplication Of A Number By A 3-Digit Number

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Multiplication of a Number by a 3-Digit Number

We know to multiply two digit numbers by two-digit numbers, and three-digit numbers by one-digit or two-digit numbers.

Now, we will learn the multiplication by three-digit numbers.

In multiplication of a number by a 3-digit number are explained here step by step.

Consider the following examples on multiplication of a number by a 3-digit number:

I. Examples to multiply 2-digit numbers by a 3-digit numbers: 1. Find the product of 36 × 137 Solution: (i) First Method

(a) 137 = 7 + 30 + 100 (b) 36 × 7 = 252 (c) 36 × 30= 1080 (d) 36 × 100 = 3600

(ii) Second Method

(a) 137 = 7 ones + 3 tens + 1 hundred (b) 36 × 7 ones = 252 ones (c) 36 × 8 tens = 108 tens (d) 36 × 1 hundred = 36 hundreds

II. Examples to multiply 3-digit numbers by a 3-digit numbers:

2. Multiply 543 by 278 Solution: (i) First Method

(a) 278 = 8 + 70 + 200 (b) 543 × 8 = 4344 (c) 543 × 70 = 38010 (d) 543 × 200 = 108600 Product = 150954

(ii) Second Method

(a) 278 = 8 ones + 7 T + 2 H (b) 543 × 8 ones = 4344 ones (c) 543 × 7 T = 3801 tens (d) 543 × 2 H = 1086 hundreds Product = 150954

3. Multiply 827 × 107 Solution:

→ 100 + 7 Multiply by 7 Multiply by 100

Answer: 88489

4. Multiply 474 × 240Solution:

→ 200 + 40 Multiply by 40 Multiply by 200

Answer: 113760

Multiplying by 3-Digit Number

5. Find the product of 528 and 378.

Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically. Step II: Multiply 528 by 8              528 × 8 = 4224 Step III: Multiply 528 by 70                528 × 70 = 36960 Step IV: Multiply 528 by 300               528 × 300 = 158400 Step V: Add: 4224, 36960 and 158400             4224 + 36960 + 158400 = 199584

Hence, 528 × 378 = 199584

6. Multiply 345 by 224.

The product is 77,280.

Step I: Multiply 345 by 4 ones. 345 × 4 = 1380 ones              = 1380 Step II: Multiply 345 by 2 tens. 345 × 2 = 690 tens              = 6900 Step III: Multiply 345 by 2 hundreds. 345 × 2 = 690 hundreds             = 69000 Step IV: Add the products.

7. Multiply 625 by 124.

Solution: 124 = 100 + 20 + 4 We multiply 625 by 4, 20 and 100 respectively. Finally, we add the results to get the required product.

Therefore, the product of 625 and 124 = 77,500.

III. Example to multiply 4-digit numbers by a 3-digit numbers:

8. Multiply 2437 by 324 Solution: (i) First Method

(a) 324 = 4 + 20 + 300 (b) 2437 × 4 = 9748 (c) 2437 × 20 = 48740 (d) 2437 × 300 = 731100

The product = 789588 (ii) Second Method

(a) 324 = 4 ones + 2 tens + 3 hundreds (b) 2437 × 4 ones = 9748 ones (c) 2437 × 2 T = 4874 tens (d) 2437 × 3 H = 7311 hundreds The product = 789588

These are the examples discussed on multiplication of a 2-digit, 3-digit and 4-digit number by a 3-digit number.

9. Multiply 2345 by 142.

The product is 3,32,990.

Step I: Multiply 2345 by 2 ones. 2345 × 2 = 4690 ones                = 4690 Step II: Multiply 2345 by 4 tens. 2345 × 4 = 9380 tens               = 93800 Step III: Multiply 2345 by 1 hundred. 2345 × 1 = 2345 hundreds               = 234500 Step IV: Add the products.

10. Multiply 1519 and 402.

Solution: 402 = 400 + 0 + 2 We multiply 1519 by 2, 0 and 400 respectively. Finally, we add the results to get the required product.

The product is 6,10,638.

11. Find the product of 2129 and 426.

426 = 400 + 20 + 6

We multiply 2129 by 6, 20 and 400 respectively.

Finally, we add the results to get the required product.

Therefore, 2129 × 426 = 9,06,954

Worksheet on Multiplication of a Number by a 3-Digit Number:

1. Multiply the given 3-digit numbers by a 3-digit numbers by column method.

(i) 137 × 112 = __________

(ii) 258 × 135 = __________

(iii) 429 × 283 = __________

(iv) 647 × 465 = __________

(v) 874 × 509 = __________

(vi) 173 × 194 = __________

Answers:

(i) 15344

(ii) 34830

(iii) 121407

(iv) 300855

(v) 444866

(vi) 33562

2. Multiply 3-digit by 3-digit numbers:

(i) 354 by 435

(ii) 508 by 434

(iii) 458 by 392

(iv) 601 by 124

Answer:

2. (i) 153990

(ii) 220472

(iii) 179536

(iv) 74524

3. Find the following products:

(i)	H	T	O	(ii)	H	T	O
8	5	4	8	1	6
×	2	5	4	×	6	3	4

(iii)	H	T	O	(iv)	H	T	O
3	5	1	6	2	1
×	2	5	3	×	1	3	6

Answer:

3. (i) 216916

(ii) 517344

(iii) 88803

(iv) 84456

4. Multiply the given 4-digit numbers by a 3-digit numbers by column method.

(i) 1392 × 271 = __________

(ii) 2058 × 380 = __________

(iii) 5483 × 126 = __________

(iv) 4021 × 108 = __________

(v) 3281 × 288 = __________

(vi) 3016 × 160 = __________

Answers:

4. (i) 377232

(ii) 782040

(iii) 690858

(iv) 434268

(v) 944928

(vi) 482560

5. Multiply the following.

(i) 5424 × 8

(ii) 58549 × 128

(iii) 456 × 729

(iv) 639 × 199

(v) 5024 × 632

(vi) 76592 × 8

Answer:

5. (i) 43392

(ii) 7494272

(iii) 332424

(iv) 127161

(v) 3175168

(vi) 612736

6. Multiply 4-digit by 3-digit numbers:

(v) 4,032 by 196

(vi) 5,012 by 132

(vii) 5,647 by 243

(viii) 3,012 by 213

Answer:

6. (v) 790272

(vi) 661584

(vii) 1372221

(viii) 641556

7. Find the following products:

(i)	Th	H	T	O	(ii)	Th	H	T	O
5	2	5	6	4	0	2	6
×	2	6	7	×	2	4	5

(iii)	Th	H	T	O	(iv)	Th	H	T	O
2	3	6	8	6	3	2	8
×	3	9	1	×	1	5	4

(v)	Th	H	T	O	(vi)	Th	H	T	O
3	8	8	4	1	9	2	4
×	2	4	3	×	3	3	0

(vii)	Th	H	T	O	(viii)	Th	H	T	O
2	0	1	8	5	3	4	2
×	1	6	4	×	1	0	3

Answer:

7. (i) 1403352

(ii) 986370

(iii) 925888

(iv) 974512

(v) 943812

(vi) 634920

(vii) 330952

(viii) 550226

Related Concept

● Addition

● Word Problems on Addition

● Subtraction

● Check for Subtraction and Addition

● Word Problems Involving Addition and Subtraction

● Estimating Sums and Differences

● Find the Missing Digits

● Multiplication

● Multiply a Number by a 2-Digit Number

● Multiplication of a Number by a 3-Digit Number

● Multiply a Number

● Estimating Products

● Word Problems on Multiplication

● Multiplication and Division

● Terms Used in Division

● Division of Two-Digit by a One-Digit Numbers

● Division of Four-Digit by a One-Digit Numbers

● Division by 10 and 100 and 1000

● Dividing Numbers

● Estimating the Quotient

● Division by Two-Digit Numbers

● Word Problems on Division

4th Grade Math Activities

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