-- News And Information About Meteor Showers ...

Solar wind speed: 465.7 km/sec density: 8.60 protons/cm3 more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 0516 UT
X-ray Solar Flares 6-hr max: B6 1529 UT Jan10 24-hr: C1 2242 UT Jan09 explanation | more data Updated: Today at: 1720 UT
Daily Sun: 10 Jan 26 Expand: labels | no labels Quiet sunspot 4336 has a delta-class magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. So far, however, it refuses to explode. Credit: NASA/SDO Sunspot number: 80 What is the sunspot number? Updated 10 Jan 2026
Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 4.33 unsettled 24-hr max: Kp= 4.33 unsettled explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field Btotal: 6.58 nT Bz: -5.78 nT south more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 0516 UT
Coronal Holes: 10 Jan 26
Solar wind flowing from this annular coronal hole should reach Earth on Jan. 10-11. Credit: NASA/SDO | more data

Spotless Days Current Stretch: 0 days 2025 total: 0 days (0%) 2024 total: 0 days (0%) 2023 total: 0 days (0%) 2022 total: 1 day (<1%) 2021 total: 64 days (18%) 2020 total: 208 days (57%) 2019 total: 281 days (77%) 2018 total: 221 days (61%) 2017 total: 104 days (28%) 2016 total: 32 days (9%) 2015 total: 0 days (0%) 2014 total: 1 day (<1%) 2013 total: 0 days (0%) 2012 total: 0 days (0%) 2011 total: 2 days (<1%) 2010 total: 51 days (14%) 2009 total: 260 days (71%) 2008 total: 268 days (73%) 2007 total: 152 days (42%) 2006 total: 70 days (19%) Updated 09 Jan 2026Thermosphere Climate Index today: 20.99x1010 W Warm Max: 49.4x1010 W Hot (10/1957) Min: 2.05x1010 W Cold (02/2009) explanation | more data: gfx, txt Updated 09 Jan 2026

The Radio Sun 10.7 cm flux: 117 sfu explanation | more data Updated 10 Jan 2026

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is near its peak, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays. Oulu Neutron Counts Percentages of the Space Age average: today: -8.0% Low 48-hr change: +1.0% Max: +11.7% Very High (12/2009) Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991) explanation |more data Updated 09 Jan 2026 @ 0700 UT

SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2026 Jan 09 2200 UTC
FLARE 0-24 hr 24-48 hr
CLASS M 15 % 20 %
CLASS X 01 % 01 %
Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2026 Jan 09 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr 24-48 hr
ACTIVE 40 % 35 %
MINOR 30 % 30 %
SEVERE 10 % 10 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr 24-48 hr
ACTIVE 05 % 05 %
MINOR 20 % 20 %
SEVERE 70 % 70 %
Saturday, Jan. 10, 2026
What's up in space

This is an AI Free Zone: Text created by Large Language Models is spreading across the Internet. It's well-written, but frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

DATE SET FOR ISS MEDICAL EVACUATION: An astronaut onboard the ISS needs to come home for medical treatment, so NASA is bringing the entirety of Crew 11 back to Earth. NASA and SpaceX are targeting no earlier than 5 p.m. EST, Wednesday, Jan. 14, for  undocking of the return capsule. This marks the first emergency medical return in the station's 25-year history. [more]

A CME MIGHT HIT EARTH TODAY: A C5.5-class solar flare on Jan. 8th hurled a CME almost directly toward Earth. NOAA forecasters expect it to arrive during the late hours of Jan. 10th, sparking G1-class geomagnetic storms. Here's what the CME looks like:

This CME might be more potent than it looks. A NOAA model shows it merging with another minor CME also launched on Jan. 8th. If the two CMEs really do merge, they would form a Cannibal CME--a type of storm cloud that punches above its weight. Cannibal CMEs contain enhanced shock waves that do a good job igniting geomagnetic storms.

High latitude sky watchers should be alert for auroras during the night of Jan. 10-11. CME impact alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

IRON HEART VALENTINE'S GIFT: Valentine’s Day is coming. Do you have a truly far-out gift? The Iron Heart Valentine’s Swing celebrates a love that is strong, steady, and enduring. On Nov. 13, 2025, it flew to the edge of space, floating 100,895 feet above the Sierra Nevada Mountains of central California:

You can have it for $159.95. The gift-boxed swing includes a unique keepsake card featuring the Iron Heart at the top of Earth's atmosphere. Inside, the card tells the story of the flight and certifies that this swing has been to the edge of space.

Earth to Sky Valentine's gifts have flown above 99.7% of Earth's atmosphere, experiencing space-like blasts of cosmic rays, extreme cold, and a wild ride parachuting back to Earth after the balloon explodes. Even Amazon doesn't carry items this far out. And, best of all, all sales support student science projects and STEM education.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store All sales support hands-on STEM education

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jan. 08 2026, the network reported 2 fireballs. (2 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On January 10, 2026 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid Date(UT) Miss Distance Velocity (km/s) Diameter (m)
2025 YN7 2026-Jan-04 6.6 LD 8.2 19
2025 YA4 2026-Jan-04 13.1 LD 15.6 40
2025 YQ7 2026-Jan-04 4.8 LD 7.8 19
2025 YV7 2026-Jan-04 4.4 LD 13.6 16
2014 AF16 2026-Jan-04 8 LD 9.5 34
2025 YY3 2026-Jan-05 18.1 LD 13.3 32
2025 YM6 2026-Jan-05 12.4 LD 7.5 19
2025 YV1 2026-Jan-05 11.8 LD 16.4 63
2026 AE 2026-Jan-05 1.2 LD 16.1 32
2025 XS4 2026-Jan-06 8 LD 6.5 25
2025 YW7 2026-Jan-06 11.9 LD 17.1 64
2026 AC 2026-Jan-06 12.6 LD 9.6 59
2023 XM15 2026-Jan-07 15.2 LD 6.9 51
2025 YY8 2026-Jan-08 12.4 LD 6.6 37
2026 AB 2026-Jan-10 2.1 LD 9.1 11
2025 YU6 2026-Jan-11 4.1 LD 4.7 23
2025 YL 2026-Jan-11 7.4 LD 3.9 13
2025 YR7 2026-Jan-12 9.3 LD 8.9 25
2022 GR3 2026-Jan-12 14.5 LD 12.9 9
2025 XN1 2026-Jan-14 9.3 LD 4.7 36
2022 OB5 2026-Jan-14 1.7 LD 2.2 6
2025 BL 2026-Jan-17 4.7 LD 6.9 28
2004 MO3 2026-Jan-17 17 LD 10.2 129
2011 AM37 2026-Jan-17 19.8 LD 5.1 4
2025 YX7 2026-Jan-20 19.5 LD 11.5 78
2019 LZ4 2026-Jan-23 14.2 LD 11.6 45
2025 YR1 2026-Jan-27 19.5 LD 4.1 29
2022 AG 2026-Jan-29 13.7 LD 5.3 34
2020 GE 2026-Jan-29 16.2 LD 1.2 8
2023 RX1 2026-Jan-31 8.8 LD 1.2 3
2022 OC3 2026-Jan-31 1.3 LD 3.8 8
2021 CZ5 2026-Feb-09 18.3 LD 9.3 23
2025 CC 2026-Feb-09 17.6 LD 5.1 11
2019 CN2 2026-Feb-11 20 LD 9.2 7
2022 DV 2026-Feb-12 15.4 LD 5 18
1999 AO10 2026-Feb-13 10.5 LD 2.7 59
162882 2026-Feb-14 17 LD 19.2 626
2023 CM2 2026-Feb-21 4.2 LD 11.4 22
2025 DQ 2026-Feb-21 3 LD 6.8 4
2007 DB61 2026-Feb-21 9 LD 8.8 65
2012 XF55 2026-Feb-23 16.3 LD 4 98
2022 EZ6 2026-Feb-24 11.6 LD 6.9 73
2018 RB1 2026-Feb-24 8.3 LD 7.9 9
2011 CL50 2026-Feb-27 13.4 LD 4.5 12
2020 FV4 2026-Feb-27 16.3 LD 8.7 30
2007 DG8 2026-Feb-28 10 LD 9.9 32
2011 EH17 2026-Mar-02 15.8 LD 16.5 39
2021 ER 2026-Mar-06 6.3 LD 4 14
2017 BM123 2026-Mar-06 19.9 LD 7.2 61
2012 DF31 2026-Mar-08 13.4 LD 16 43
2020 GE 2026-Mar-09 16.1 LD 1.3 8
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 10 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (Nov. 2024): Atmospheric radiation is sharply decreasing in 2024. Our latest measurements in November registered a 10-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics.
The Aerospace Corporation
Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
the underlying science of space weather

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