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16 các thì trong tiếng anh

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TỔNG HỢP CÁC THÌ (TENSES) TRONG TIẾNG ANHFormsUses and Examples1. The Present Simple Tense:- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển hiên.Ex: The sun rises in the East.- Diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy ra ở- ‘to be’: S +hiện tại.am/is/areEx: Mary often goes to school by bicycle.- ordinary verbs: S- Diễn tả hành động , sự việc tương lai sẽ xảy ra theo+ V1-s/-esthời gian biểu hay lịch trình.Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrowmorning2. The Present Continuous Tense- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nóihoặc xung quanh thời điểm nói.Ex: Tom is having dinner at the moment.Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.S + am/is/are +V-ing- Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai có kế hoạchtrước:Ex: George is leaving for New York tomorrow.What are you doing tonight?3. The Present Perfect Tense- Diễn tả một hành động vừ mới xảy ra.Ex: I have just finished my homework.- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưngkhông xác định rõ thời điểm.Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t.- Diễn tả hảnh động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đếnhiện tại, và có thể tiếp tục ở tương lai.S + have/has +Ex: Mary has lived in this house for ten years.V3-ed- Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần.Ex: I have seen this film three times.- Dùng trong cấu trúc:Be + the first/second… time + S + have/has + V3/edBe + the ss nhất + N + S + have/has + V3/edEx: This is the first time I have been to Paris.She is the most honest person I have ever met.4. The Present Perfect Continuous:Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liêntục đến hiện tại. (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động)Notes: Không dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn để nóiS + have/has+những tình huống tồn tại 1 thời gian dài nhất là khi cóbeen + V-ingalways.Ex: Alice has always worked hard. (Không dùng has alwaysbeen working hard)Adverbstoday, always,often, usually,sometimes,occasionally,never, generally,forever, rarely,every day/ year/once/ three timesa week/amonth, . ..now, right now,at the moment,at present, ...;Look!, Listen!,...never, ever,recently, lately,already, up tonow, so far, for along time, forages, since, for,just, yet, severaltimes, manytimes, How long,in the lasthundred years,...How long, since,for15. The Simple Past tense.- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thờiđiểm xác định trong quá khứ.- ‘tobe’: S +Ex: My mother left this city three years ago.was/were- ordinary verbs: S- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra suốt thời gian dài trong+ V2-edquá khứ nhưng đã hoàn tòan chấm dứt.Ex: Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.6. The Past Continuous Tense:- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở một thời điểmhay cả một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ.Ex: I was watching a football match on T.V at 8 o'clocklast night.- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứS + was/were +(QKTD) thì một hành động khác xảy ra (quá khứ đơn)V-ingEx: I was having dinner when he came.- Diễn tả hai hoặc nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời tạicùng một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.Ex: At 8p.m yesterday, Mary was watching TV whileTom was reading a newspaper.7. The Past Perfect Tense:Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trước mộtthời điểm hay một sự việc khác trong quá khứ.-edEx: He had worked in that company for 5 years beforeS + had + V31995.The train had gone when we arrived the station.8. The Past Perfect Continuous:Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động quákhứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ2 xảy ra(hành động thứ 2 dùng Past Simple) thường khoảngS + had been +thời gian kéo dài được êu rõ trong câu.V-ingEx: The man had been playing cards for 3 hours before Icame9. The Simple Future Tense- Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai.Ex: He will be 20 next week.- Diễn đạt ý kiến, đưa ra lời hứa hoặc một quyết định tứcS + will + V0thì.I, we + will/ shall+ V0Ex: I think Liverpool will win.I’ phone you tonight.ago, yesterday,the day beforeyesterday, lastweek/ month/year/ Christmas,in 1995, ...at 7.00 pmyesterday, at thistime last night,when, while,...Before, after, upto then, when,...tomorrow, theday aftertomorrow, nextmonth/ week/year/ Christmas/Sunday, soon,sooner orlater,...10. Near Future:S + is/am/are +going to + V0- Hành động sắp và sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần dựavào dấu hiệu của hiện tại.Ex: Look at the black clouds in the sky. It's going to rain.- Hành động tương lai có dự định trước:Ex: I am going to sell my house next week.tomorrow,next..., soon,...211. The Future Continuous Tense:- Diễn tả hành động đang tiến hành tại một thời điểm ởtương lai.Eg: At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning he will be working athis office- Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở tương lai thì có hànhđộng khác xen vào.Eg: I will be studying when you return this eveningS + will/shall + be +V-ingThey will be travelling in Italy by the time you arrive here.- Dùng Will you be + V-ing? để hỏi về dự định của mộtngười khi ta cần điều gì hoặc cần người đó làm điều gì.Ex: A: Will you be using your motorbike this evening?B: No, you can take it.A: Will you be passing the post office when you go out?B: Yes, why?12. The Future Perfect TenseDiễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào một thời điểmS + will/shall +cho trước ở tương lai.have + V-ingEx: I will have finished my work by noon.13. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense:Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dàiđến 1 thời điểm cho trước ở tương lai.S + will/shall +Ex: By November, we will been living in this house for 10have been +years.V-ingBy March 15th, I wil have been working for this companyfor 6 years.this time nextweek, this timetomorrow,...By + mốc thờigian, by thetime, by then.By... + for +khoảng thờigian, by thetime, by then.1. Không dùng các thì tiếp diễn (continuous tenses) với các động từ chỉ nhận thức sau:- Động từ chỉ giác quan hoạc động từ nối (verbs of senses or linking verbs): be, feel, look, hear, see, smell,sound, taste, notice,...Ex: I don’t see anything now. Can you turn on the light? (NOT: I’m mot seeing anything now...)- Động từ diễn tả tình cảm (verbs of emotions): like, love, hate, dislike, detest, fear, desire, need, respect,want, wish,...Ex: Anita didn’t use to like classical music, but now she likes it a lot. (NOT: ... But now she is liking it a lot)- Động từ chỉ sinh hoạt tinh thần (verbs of mental activities): believe, know, mean, realize, recognize,remember, understand, suppose, think (that), ...Ex: I believe they are enjoying themselves at the beach. (NOT: I’m believing they are...)- Động từ chỉ sở hữu (verbs of possession): belong to, owe, own, possess, contain, consist of, depend on,have (=có),...Ex: How much do owe me now? (NOT: How much you are owing me now?)- Một số động từ thuộc nhóm trên nếu mang ý nghĩa diễn tả hành động thì có thể dùng ở các thì tiếp diễn:3Không dùng với thì tiếp diễnSmell (linking verb): có mùiEx: Your tower smells bad.Dùng với thì tiếp diễnSmell (action verb): ngửiEx: Tom is smelling his tower to see it needs washing.Các động từ giác quan khác cũng có cách dùng tương tự: taste: có mùi vị (LV), nếm (AV); feel: có cảmgiác (LV); sờ xem (AV)Think (that) cho rằngThink about/of: suy nghĩ về/nhớEx: I think you should pay more attention to your Ex: “What are you thinking about?”work.Have: có (động từ sở hữu)Ex: I have my credit card but I don’t have anycash now.Have dùng với thì tiếp diễn trong các cụm từ sau:- have breakfast/lunch/dinner/meat/steak...: ăn = to eat- have coffee/tea/orange juice/wine...: uống = to drink- have a walk/a swim/ a bath/ a drive: đi bộ/ bơi/ tắm/lái xe- have trouble/a problem/a good time/ a party...: gặprắc rối/vui vẻ/ mở tiệcEx: I don’t usually have wine with meals, but now I’mhaving a glass of whiskey.Look (linking verb): trông có vẻEx: You look ill. What’s the matter with you?Look at/ after/ for (action verb): nhìn vào/ chăm sóc/tìmEx: I’m looking for my pen, but I can’t see itanywhere.2. Không dùng các thì tương lai (Future tenses) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, thì SimpleFuture được thay bằng Simple Present, thì Future Perfect (hoặc Future Perfect Continuous) đựoc thay bằngthì Present Perfect (hoặc Present Perfect continuous).3. Sequence of Tenses: (Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)Adverbial clauses of time: bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: when, whenever, before, after,since, as soon as, as, while, till, until, just as, no sooner…than, hardly…when, as long as, etc.Main ClauseAdverbial clause oftimePresent tensesPresent tensesPast tensesPast tensesFuture tensesPresent tensesBiên soạn: Vu Dai Loi4EXERCISESUse the correct form of verbs in brackets.1.In all the world, there (be) __________ only 14 mountains that (reach) __________above 8,000meters.2.He sometimes (come) __________ to see his parents.3.When I (come) __________, she (leave) __________for Dalat ten minutes ago.4.My grandfather never (fly) __________ in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so.5.We just (decide) __________ that we (undertake) the job.6.He told me that he (take) __________ a trip to California the following week.7.I knew that this road (be) __________ too narrow.8.Right now I (attend) __________ class. Yesterday at this time I (attend) __________class.9.Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home. When I (arrive) __________at the airport, Mary (wait) forme.10. Margaret was born in 1950. By the year 2005, she (live) __________on this earth for 55 years .11. The traffic was very heavy. By the time I (get) __________to Mary’s party, everyone already(arrive) __________12. I will graduate in June. I (see) you in July. By the time I (see) __________ you , I (graduate)__________.13. I (visit) __________ my uncle’s home many times when I (be) __________ a child.14. That book (lie) __________ on the table for week. You (not read) __________ it yet ?15. David (wash) __________ his hands. He just (repair) __________ the TV set.16. You (be) __________here before? Yes, I (spend) __________ my holidays here last year.17. We never (meet) __________ him. We don’t know what he (look) __________ like.18. The car (be) __________ ready for him by the time he (come) __________tomorrow.19. On arriving at home I (find) __________that she just (leave) __________a few minutes before.20. When we (arrive) __________ in London tonight, it probably (rain) __________.21. It (rain) __________ hard. We can’t do anything until it (stop) __________22. Last night we (watch) __________TV when the power (fail) __________.23. That evening we (stay) __________up to talk about the town where he (live) __________for someyears.24. I (sit) __________down for a rest while the shoes (repair) __________.25. Half way to the office Paul (turn) __________round and (go) __________back home because he(forget) to turn the gas off.26. London (change) a lot since we first (come) __________ to live here.27. While we (talk) __________on the phone the children (start) __________fighting and (break)__________a window28. He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) __________ in his life.29. You know she (stand) __________looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes.30. I (spend) __________ a lot of time travelling since I (get) __________this new job.31. When I (be) __________ at school we all (study) __________Latin.32. When I (meet) __________ him , he (work) __________as a waiter for a year or so.33. After he (finish) __________ breakfast he (sit) __________down to write some letters.34. She (have) __________a hard life, but she’s always smiling.35. I think Jim (be) __________ out of town.5Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):1) He ____ for London one year ago.A. leftB. has leftC. leavesD. had left2) She ____ in Hue for twenty years.A. livesB. has livedC. livedD. will live3) I ____ to the market with my mother yesterday.A. goB. wentC. have goneD. was going4) What ____ you ____, Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother.A. do/thinkB. are/thinkingC. have/thoughtD. were/thinking5) How long ____ you ____ her? – For five months.A. do/knowB. are/knowingC. have/knownD. had/known6) I usually ____ to school by bus.A. wentB. am goingC. goD. have gone7) Yesterday morning I ____ up at 6.30.A. gotB. getC. was gettingD. had got8) Please don’t make so much noise. I ____.A. studyingB. studyC. am studyingD. studied9) Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.A. boilsB. boiledC. is boilingD. will boil10) It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. So it ____ for two hours.A. rainsB. is rainingC. has rainedD. rained11) ____ you ____ out last night?A. Did/goB. Do/goC. Have/goneD. Were/going12) This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.A. costsB. costC. had costD. was cost13) While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.A. played/tookB. playing/takingC. was playing/was takingD. was play/was take14) Mike is playing chess. How long ____ he ____?A. did/playB. is/playingC. has/playD. has/been playing15) When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____.A. worked/was ringingB. were working/rangC. worked/rangD. work/rings16) After they ____ their breakfast, they ____ shopping yesterday.A. have/goB. had had/goC. had/had goneD. had had/went17) They ____ tea when the doorbell ____.A. have/is ringingB. were having/rangC. had had/ rangD. having/ringing18) Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.A. smoked/readB. had smoked/readC. was smoking/was readingD. smoking/reading19) When I ____ into the office, my boss ____ for me.A. came/was waitingB. was coming/waitedC. had come/waitedD. came/waiting20) When I ____ Brian, he ____ a taxi.A. see/drivesB. see/was drivingC. saw/was drivingD. saw/is driving21) When he ____, we ____ dinner.A. arrived/havingB. arrived/were having C. was arriving/hadD. had arrived/had22) While they ____ chess, we ____ the shopping.A. playing/doingB. were playing/doingC. played/didD. were playing/were doing23) They ____ football when the lights in the stadium ____ out.A. were playing/wentB. played/was goingC. were playing/ was goingD. playing/went24) While George and John ____ their room, she ____ the ironing.A. cleaning/doingB. were cleaning/was doing6C. were cleaning/doingD. cleaning/was doing25) Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late yesterday and on Monday.A. is/wasB. has been/isC. has been/wasD. has been/had been26) He ____ in the same house since 1975.A. has livedB. is livingC. livedD. had lived27) We ____ him since he ____ married.A. didn’t see/gotB. haven’t seen/gotC. don’t/getD. hadn’t seen/got28) It ____ for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis.A. is rainingB. had rainedC. has rainedD. was raining29) He ____ to HCMC last year and I ____ him since then.A. moved/didn’t seeB. moves/haven’t seen C. moved/haven’t seen D. moved/hadn’t seen30) We ____ what to do with the money yet.A. not decideB. didn’t decideC. haven’t decidedD. hadn’t decided31) My father ____ as a teacher for thirty years.A. worksB. is workingC. workedD. has worked32) He ____ to New York three times this year.A. had beenB. wasC. has beenD. is33) I ____ how to dance when I ____ six years old.A. don’t know / wasB. didn’t know / amC. didn’t know / wasD. haven’t known/was34) Last month my brother ____ me his photos. He ____ me his photos every year.A. sends/sentB. sent/sendsC. sent/sentD. sends/sends35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he ____ carelessly.A. droveB. had drivenC. drivesD. was driving36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I ____ when I was a child but not now.A. doB. didC. have doneD. had done37) I ____ her at the school gate yesterday.A. metB. meetC. had metD. am meeting38) She ____ English when she was six years old.A. learnedB. has learnedC. is learningD. had learned39) I don’t remember where and when I ____ her.A. meetB. had metC. metD. have met40) They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.A. getB. gotC. have gotD. had got41) ____ you ____ that film yet?A. Do/seeB. Have/seenC. Did/seeD. Had/seen42) I ____ the film with my friends last week.A. watchedB. watchC. have watchedD. had watched43) He ____ up at five every morning.A. is gettingB. gotC. getsD. was getting44) ____ she ____ in Hue at the moment?A. Does/liveB. Is/livingC. Did/liveD. Was/living45) He usually ____ her at weekend but now he ____ in bed because of hissevere illness.A. visits/staysB. visits/stayingC. visited/staysD. visits/is staying46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents ____.A. sleepB. are sleepingC. were sleepingD. slept47) Why ____ you often ____ so much noise in the house?A. do/makeB. did/makeC. are/makingD. were/making48) What ____ he ____ before you came?A. does/doB. had/doC. had/doneD. has/done49) While mum was watching TV, I ____ my homework.A. am doingB. was doingC. had doneD. has done50) At this time yesterday I ____ to music.A. listenedB. had listenedC. was listeningD. am listening7

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