CASC Rainbow - Wikipedia

Chinese unmanned aerial vehicle series

CASC Rainbow (Chinese: 彩虹; pinyin: cǎihóng, abbreviation CH) is a series of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) marketed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The series includes multi-role medium-altitude long-endurance UAVs[1] and micro air vehicles (MAV).[2] The UAVs are produced by CASC's China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics (CAAA).[3]

Series

[edit]

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CH-1

[edit]

The CH-1 is a small fixed-wing reconnaissance UAV.[4][better source needed] Development started in 2000.[5]

CH-2

[edit]

The CH-2 is a small fixed-wing reconnaissance UAV.[4][better source needed]

CH-3

[edit]

The CH-3 is a fixed-wing unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV).[6] It first flew in 2007. The CH-3 has a 70 kg payload,[7] and can carry the AR-1 air-to-ground missile and FT-9 guided bomb.[8]

The Pakistani NESCOM Burraq may be based on the CH-3; the Burraq is armed with the Burq missile, which may be based on the AR-1.[9]

CH-4

[edit]

Externally, the CH-4 looks almost identical to the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, with the only distinct visual difference between the two UAVs being the ventral fin below the V-tail on MQ-9 which is absent on the CH-4.[10][11][12] There are two versions, the CH-4A and CH-4B. The CH-4A is a reconnaissance drone (capable of a 3500–5000 km range and a 30- to 40-hour endurance life) while the CH-4B is a mixed attack and reconnaissance system with provisions for 6 weapons and a payload of up to 250 to 345 kg.

CH-4 is capable of firing air-to-ground missiles from an altitude of 5,000 meters (~16,400 feet), meaning the aircraft is capable of staying outside the effective range of most anti-aircraft guns. It also allows the CH-4 to be able to fire from a position that provides a wider area of view.[13]

A CASC factory in Myanmar produces the CH-4.[14]

Saqr-1 is thought to be mostly influenced by the CH-4.[15]

Specifications:[16]

• Length: 8.5 m (28 ft)
• Wing Span: 18 m (59 ft)
• Max Take Off Weight: 1,300 kg (2,900 lb)
• Payload: 345 kg (761 lb)
• Endurance: 40 hours
• Powerplant: 1 x 100 Hp engine
• Maximum Speed: 235 knots (435 km/h)
• Cruise Speed: 180 knots (330 km/h)
• Communications range: >1,000 km (620 mi) with SatCom (1,500-2,000 km for CH-4B),[17] ~150 km (93 mi) from Ground Control Station (GCS)
• Armaments: AR-1 missile, AR-2 missile (20 kg, 5 kg armour-piercing warhead, inertial guidance system with terminal semi-active laser (SAL) seeker, maximum range 8 km),[18] AKD-10 air-to-surface anti-tank missile, BRMI-90 90mm guided rocket, FT-7/130 130 kg glide bombs, FT-9/50 50 kg bomb, FT-10/25 25 kg bomb, GB-7/50 50 kg precision-guided munition (PGM), GB-4/100 PGM.[19]

CH-5

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The CH-5 is a large UAV with a wingspan of 21 metres, a payload of 1,000 kg, a maximum takeoff weight of over 3 tonnes, a service ceiling of 9 km, an endurance life of up to 60 hours,[20] and a range of 10,000 km. Thanks to a shared data link system, it can cooperate with CH-3 and CH-4 drones. It conducted its maiden flight in August 2015[21] at its first airshow flight (in northern Hebei province) in July 2017.[20] The drone can carry a maximum of 16 missiles at a single time. There were also plans to extend its range up to 20,000 km.[22] Chinese officials claimed the CH-5 Rainbow was similar in performance to the US MQ-9 Reaper and "may come in at less than half the price". Compared to the Garrett TPE331 turboprop engine mounted on the Reaper, the CH-5 is equipped with an unidentified turbo-charged piston engine with less than half the horsepower. This design consideration limits the maximum altitude of the CH-5 to 9 km compared to the 12–15 km of the Reaper, but it also extends CH-5's endurance life to 60 hours compared to the Reaper's 14 hours.

A more recent engine variant, with a 300kW piston engine from Anhui Hangrui Co., will increase the service ceiling to 12 km and the endurance life to 120 hours.[23]

Armaments: AR-1 missile, AR-2 missile (20 kg, 5 kg armour-piercing warhead, inertial guidance system with terminal semi-active laser (SAL) seeker, maximum range 8 km)[18]

CH-6

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The CH-6 is a large UAV with a MTOW of 7800 kg with two variants: a strike variant with an 18-hour endurance life and a 450 kg payload; a reconnaissance variant with a 21-hour endurance life and a 120 kg payload. It was in development in 2021.[24]

CH-7

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The CH-7 is a stealth, flying wing UCAV similar to the X-47B, with a 22m wingspan and a 10m length. It can fly at 920 km/h and an altitude of 13,000m. The endurance life is around 15 hours with an operational radius of 2000 km.[25] It can carry antiradiation missiles and standoff weapons.[26][27][28] According to its chief designer, "the CH-7 can intercept radar electronic signals, and simultaneously detect, verify and monitor high-value targets, such as hostile command stations, missile launch sites, and naval vessels". It was planned to make its maiden flight in 2019 and commence production from 2022.[25] A live airframe was spotted in 2024.[29][30]

CH-9

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ISR & strike UAV with 11500 km range.[31][verification needed]

CH-10

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The CH-10 is a tiltrotor UAV.[32]

CH-91

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The CH-91 is a fixed-wing UAV with a twin-boom layout and an inverted v-tail with a pair of skids acting as the landing gear. Propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the rear end of the fuselage.[33][34] The CH-91 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[35] It is also known as the BZK-008.

CH-92

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CH-92 is a fixed-wing UAV in the conventional V-tail layout with a tricycle landing gear. Propulsion is provided by a propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the empennage. The CH-92 is mainly intended for reconnaissance, surveillance, and attack missions.[35][36]

CH-802

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The CH-802 is a fixed-wing micro air vehicle (MAV) in the conventional layout with an elevated high-wing configuration and V-tail. The CH-802 has a cylindrical fuselage with propulsion being provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a tractor brushless electric motor atop the fuselage.[37][38] The CH-803 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[35] The CH-802 program began in 2007 and was completed in 2008.

Specifications:[39][40]

• Wingspan (m): 3
• Length (m): 1.8
• Weight (kg): 6.5
• Payload (kg): 1
• Radius (km): 30
• Normal operating altitude (km): 0.3 – 1
• Normal radius (km): 30 – 50
• Cruise speed (km/h): 60
• Endurance (h): 2.5
• Ceiling (km): 4
• Launch: by hand

CH-803

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The CH-803 is a fixed-wing UAV with a cylindrical fuselage and canards, but without the tailplane. Propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a tractor engine mounted in the nose. Another unique feature of the CH-803 is that it adopts a forward-swept wing.[39] The CH-803 is mainly intended for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.[35] The CH-803 program began in 2008 and was completed in 2011.

Specifications:[40]

• Wingspan (m): 3
• Length (m): 1.8
• Weight (kg): 18
• Payload (kg): 3.5
• Radius (km): 30
• Normal operating altitude (km): 0.5 – 1.5
• Normal radius (km): 50 – 80
• Cruise speed (km/h): 80 – 110
• Endurance (h): 5
• Ceiling (km): 3.5
• Launch: catapult
• Recovery: parachute

CH-817

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VTOL micro-surveillance and attack UAV with a top speed of 64.8 km/h and an endurance of 15 minutes.[2]

CH-901

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The CH-901 is a fixed-wing UAV in the conventional layout with a cylindrical fuselage and a high-wing configuration. Propulsion is provided by a two-blade propeller driven by a pusher engine mounted at the end of empennage.[41] The CH-901 is designed as a UCAV.[35][42]

CH-902

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Fixed-wing cylindrical UAV.[43]

Operational history

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Iraq used CH-4s against the Islamic State during the 2013-2017 war.[44][45]

Nigeria used CH-3s against the Boko Haram insurgency in 2015.[44]

The Tatmadaw in Myanmar reportedly used CH-3s for counterinsurgency in 2015 and 2016 during the Myanmar civil war.[14]

The Saudi-led coalition deployed CH-4s against the Houthi movement during the Yemeni civil war; the aircraft were from Saudi Arabia[46] and the United Arab Emirates.[46][47] Over twelve Saudi Arabian CH-4s were lost by July 2022.[48]

Comparison

[edit] Comparison of major Chinese made military UAVs[49]

Model	Manufacturer	Armaments	Takeoff weight	Engine type	Maximum cruise speed	Operational endurance
CH-1	CASC	No	220 kg	Piston	140 km/h	6 hours
CH-2	CASC	No	220 kg	Piston	160 km/h	8 hours
CH-3	CASC	Yes, 80 kg	650 kg	Piston	220 km/h	12 hours
CH-4	CASC	Yes, 345 kg	1330 kg	Piston	180 km/h	30 hours for recon / 12 hours for strike
CH-5	CASC	Yes, 1000 kg	3300 kg	Turboprop	220 km/h	60 hours for recon / 30 hours with 8 AR-1 missiles
GJ-1 (Wing Loong 1)	Chengdu	Yes, 200 kg	1100 kg	Piston	280 km/h	20 hours
GJ-2 (Wing Loong 2)[50]	Chengdu	Yes, 480 kg	4200 kg	Turboprop	370 km/h	32 hours / 20 hours at max speed
Wing Loong 3[51]	Chengdu	Yes, 2300 kg	6200 kg	Turboprop	Unknown	40 hours
Chengdu WZ-10	Chengdu	Yes, 400 kg	3200 kg	Turbojet	370 km/h	32 hours
WJ-700[52]	CASIC	Yes	3500 kg	Turbofan	Unknown	20 hours
WJ-600 A/D[53]	CASIC	Yes	Unknown	Turbofan	850 km/h	5 hours
TB-001A[54]	Tengdeng	Yes, 1200 kg	3200 kg	Turboprop	Unknown	35 hours at 1000 kg payload

Operators

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Current

[edit]  Algeria

• Algerian Air Force: CH-3 and CH-4[55]

 China

• People's Liberation Army Ground Force: 5+ CH-4B (as of 2023);[56] KVD002, a reconnaissance and precision strike drone based on the CH-4.[57]

 Democratic Republic of Congo

• Congolese Air Force: 3 CH-4B (as of 2023);[58] nine were ordered.[59]

 Ethiopia

• Ethiopian National Defense Force: CH-4[60]

 Indonesia

• Indonesian Armed Forces: six CH-4Bs[18][61][17]

 Iraq

• Iraqi Armed Forces: 12 CH-4 (as of 2023)[62] Deliveries started by 2015. Put into storage in 2017. In 2019, one was "fully mission capable" and the rest were grounded due to maintenance problems.[45] The CH-5 was on order in 2024.[63]

 Myanmar

• Myanmar Air Force: Four CH-3 (as of 2023.)[64] According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 12 CH-3As were procured in 2014 to 2015.[14]

 Nigeria

• Nigerian Air Force: 1+ CH-3 (as of 2023.)[65] One crashed in January 2015. The UAVs were operated infrequently due to poor quality. In 2020, another eight in delivery.[6]

 Pakistan

• Pakistan Armed Forces: 5 CH-4 (as of 2023.)[66] Received five CH-4s in 2021.[1]

 Saudi Arabia

• Royal Saudi Air Force: CH-4 (as of 2023.)[67]

 Serbia

• Serbian Air Force and Air Defence: 6 CH-92A and 3 CH-95[68]

 Sudan

• Sudanese Air Force: CH-3 and CH-4[69]

 Turkmenistan

• Turkmen Air Force: CH-3A[65]

 United Arab Emirates

• United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: CH-4 [60]

 Zambia

• Zambian Defence Force: CH-4[60]

Former

[edit]  Jordan

• Royal Jordanian Air Force: CH-4B (as of 2023.)[70]

See also

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• CAIG Wing Loong
• CAIG Wing Loong II
• CAIG Wing Loong-10
• Harbin BZK-005
• Tengden TB-001
• CASIC WJ

Related lists

• List of Chinese aircraft
• List of unmanned aerial vehicles of the People's Republic of China

References

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Citations

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1. ^ a b "Pakistan receives five CH-4 UAVs from China". Janes. 27 January 2021. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
2. ^ a b Wong, Kelvin (1 October 2021). "Airshow China 2021: CASC unveils CH-817 micro-surveillance and attack VTOL UAV". Janes. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
3. ^ Wood & Stewart 2019, pp. 84–85.
4. ^ a b Zhao Lei (21 April 2016). "Nation's drones are in demand". China Daily. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
5. ^ Wood & Stewart 2019, p. 45.
6. ^ a b "Nigeria to get more armed UAVs from China". Janes. 14 October 2020. Archived from the original on 21 July 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
7. ^ "Is China at the Forefront of Drone Technology?". Center for Strategic and International Studies. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
8. ^ Barrie et al. 2021, p. 18.
9. ^ Barrie et al. 2021, p. 17.
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11. ^ "Red dawn: Communist China stepping up drone deployment,"The Washington Times, March 26, 2013
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15. ^ "Saudi Arabia's First Domestic Long-distance UAV Fires Only Chinese-made Missiles and Bombs". 2017-05-14. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
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18. ^ a b c "Indonesia receives first batch of Chinese-made AR-2 missiles for its CH-4 UAVs". 13 April 2021.
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21. ^ "国产最大察打一体无人机"彩虹"5号首飞成功" [China's biggest success with unmanned aerial vehicle "Rainbow" on the 5th flight]. Phoenix News (in Chinese). China. 2015-08-30. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
22. ^ Lei, Zhao (2016-11-01). "Unmanned combat drone to be exported". China Daily. Retrieved 2017-07-18.
23. ^ Mathew, Arun (2017-07-16). "Production variant of China's CH-5 drone completes trial flight". defpost.com. Archived from the original on 2017-10-01. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
24. ^ Wong, Kelvin (27 September 2021). "Airshow China 2021: CASC's twin-turbofan CH-6 armed reconnaissance UAV prototype breaks cover". Janes. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
25. ^ a b "Stealth drone about to hit world market - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn.
26. ^ "China steps up drone race with stealth aircraft". The Straits Times. November 10, 2018.
27. ^ @writetake (November 8, 2018). "Here's China's gen-next stealth combat aircraft #CH7 with a wingspan of 22-m and 10-m long. It has a cruise altitud..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
28. ^ "Airshow China 2018: CASC reveals stealth UCAV development | Jane's 360". www.janes.com.
29. ^ Satam, Parth (8 November 2024). "Live Model of China's CH-7 Flying Wing Stealth UCAV Revealed". The Aviationis. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
30. ^ Newdick, Thomas (2024-11-08). "China's Stealth CH-7 Long-Endurance Drone Emerges". The War Zone. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
31. ^ https://aviationweek.com/defense/aircraft-propulsion/china-unveils-ch-9-wing-loong-x-platforms-naval-applications
32. ^ "China reveals CH-10 tilt-rotor drone - Headlines, features, photo and videos from ecns.cn|china|news|chinanews|ecns|cns". www.ecns.cn. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
33. ^ "CH-97". Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
34. ^ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 17, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-17.
35. ^ a b c d e "Rainbow (CH) UAVs". Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
36. ^ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 18, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-18.
37. ^ "CH-802 UAV". Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
38. ^ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 18, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-18.
39. ^ a b "CH-802 & 803". Archived from the original on 2010-11-19. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
40. ^ a b "CH-802 and 803". Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
41. ^ "CH-901". Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
42. ^ "实拍珠海航展:零距离接触中国无人机家族_图片频道_新华网". November 19, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-19.
43. ^ "UAVs shown in Airshow China (16) - People's Daily Online".
44. ^ a b Marcus, Jonathan (12 October 2015). "China helps Iraq military enter drone era". Retrieved 4 December 2024.
45. ^ a b "Iraq returns CH-4 UAV to service". Janes. 9 August 2022. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
46. ^ a b "Pentagon is scrambling as China "sells the hell out of" armed drones to US allies". CNBC. 21 February 2019.
47. ^ Li, Christina (1 April 2017). "UAE's Increasing Role in China's Security Calculus" (PDF). ISPSW Strategy Series: Focus on Defense and International Security. In Yemen, the UAE is already using China's Wing Loong drones in its campaign against al Qaeda, and recently purchased the CH-4 drones
48. ^ Winter, Lucas (1 July 2022). "UAV Technologies Proliferating in Yemen and Saudi Arabia". United State Army Foreign Military Studies Office. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
49. ^ "Is China at the Forefront of Drone Technology?". 29 May 2018.
50. ^ Administrator. "Wing Loong II 2 UAV MALE armed drone data pictures video | China Chinese unmanned aerial ground systems UK | Chinese China army military equipment armoured UK". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
51. ^ "Chinese defense aviation industry unveils its new Wing Loong 3 UAV at AirShow China 2022 | Defense News November 2022 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army year 2022 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. 6 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
52. ^ "Chinese CASIC WJ-700 UAV makes maiden flight". www.airrecognition.com. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
53. ^ "航展新闻眼：航天科工"无人机" 高隐身 高速度 可侦察 可打击-新闻频道 | 珠海网". 2015-02-23. Archived from the original on 2015-02-23. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
54. ^ "Three-engined variant of China's Tengden TB001 UAV makes maiden flight". Janes.com. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
55. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 344.
56. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 256.
57. ^ Honrada, Gabriel (25 September 2023). "China's new KVD002 drone built for a Taiwan war". Asia Times.
58. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 486.
59. ^ Bociaga, Robert (20 March 2023). "China Sends Military Drones to DRC Amid Fears of Regional War". The Diplomat. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
60. ^ a b c "China Has Already Won the Drone Wars". Foreign Policy. 10 May 2018.
61. ^ Ridzwan Rahmat (7 October 2019). "Indonesia showcases CH-4 UAVs at military parade". janes.com. Jane's Defense Weekly. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
62. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 358.
63. ^ Binnie, Jeremy (24 April 2024). "Iraqi Army Aviation Command identifies itself as CH-5 UAV operator". Janes. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
64. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 298.
65. ^ a b The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 209.
66. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 302.
67. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 383.
68. ^ Banković, Živojin (4 July 2020). "[VIDEO] Na Batajnici prikazane kineske izviđačko-borbene bespilotne letelice CH-92A, kupljeno 6 letelica sa 18 raketa" (4 July 2020). Tango Six. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
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70. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2024, p. 365.

Sources

[edit]

• Barrie, Douglas; Ebert, Niklas; Glaese, Oskar; Gady, Franz-Stefan (21 December 2021). Armed uninhabited aerial vehicles and the challenges of autonomy (PDF) (Report). The International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
• The International Institute for Strategic Studies (13 February 2024). The Military Balance 2024. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-78004-7.
• Wood, Peter; Stewart, Robert (26 September 2019). China's Aviation Industry: Lumbering Forward (PDF). United States Air Force Air University China Aerospace Studies Institute. ISBN 9781082740404. Retrieved 4 December 2024.

v t e Chinese People's Liberation Army UAV designations
Wú zhēn "WZ"(reconnaissance UAV)	WZ-1 through WZ-41 WZ-5 WZ-6 WZ-7 WZ-8 WZ-9 WZ-10 Non-sequential WZ-2000
Gōngjí "GJ"(attack UAV)	GJ-1 GJ-2 Non-sequential GJ-11
1 Unknown/not assigned

v t e Chinese military aircraft
Fighters	Multiroleand strike J-36 J-35 J-20 J-15 J-16 J-10B J-11B J-10 FC-1 JH-7 Su-30MK2 Su-30MKK Su-35S Air superiorityand interceptor J-36 J-35 J-20 J-11D* J-10B J-15 J-13 J-12 J-11 J-9 J-8 J-7 J-6 J-5 J-2 MiG-9 Su-27 Ground attack Q-5 Q-6 Electronic warfare J-16D J-15D
Bombers	H-20* H-8 H-7 H-6 H-5 Tu-14 Tu-2
AEW&C and EW	KJ-600* KJ-500 KJ-2000 Y-9JZ ELINT Y-8CB Y-8DZ Y-8G Y-8GX3 Y-8JB Y-8T Y-8W Y-8EW ZDK03 Y-8J KJ-200 Y-7 AWACS KJ-1 AEWC An-30
Tankers	YY-20 HY-6 Il-78
Reconnaissance	JZ-8 JZ-7 JZ-6 JZ-5 HZ-5 Tu-154M
Transport	Strategic Y-20 Y-9 Y-8 Il-76 Y-7 Maritime Patrol KQ-200 Y-8EX SH-5 Tactical Y-9 Y-12 Y-11 Y-8 Y-7 Y-6 Y-5 CL 601 Tu-154
Trainers	JL-10 JL-9 JL-8 JJ-7 JJ-6 JJ-5 JJ-2 JJ-1 CJ-7* CJ-6 CJ-5 Yak-11
Helicopters	Attack Z-21* Z-19 Z-10 Z-9W Z-11W Transportand utility Z-20 Z-18 Z-15* Z-11 Z-9 Z-8 Mi-8 Mi-171 Z-6 Z-5 ASW Z-20F Z-18F Z-9C Z-8 Ka-28
UAVs and UCAVs	Tactical WZ-6 CASIC Blade MALE CASC Rainbow Harbin BZK-005 Tengden TB-001 HALE WZ-7 WZ-8 WZ-10 Shenyang Divine Eagle* Combat BA-5 GJ-1 GJ-2 GJ-11 Dark Sword* List of unmanned aerial vehicles of China
* = Under development or official military designation not revealed Italicized = Retired or cancelled Lists: Aircraft Military aircraft UAVs