CBL (gene) - Wikipedia

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• 1 Discovery
• 2 Structure
• 3 Homologues
• 4 Function Toggle Function subsection
  • 4.1 Ubiquitin ligase
• 5 Interactions
• 6 References
• 7 Further reading
• 8 External links

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Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mammalian gene "CBL2" redirects here. For the airport in Canada, see Severn Bridge/Buck Lake Water Aerodrome.

CBL
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1B47, 1FBV, 1YVH, 2CBL, 2JUJ, 2K4D, 2OO9, 2Y1M, 2Y1N, 3BUM, 3BUN, 3BUO, 3BUW, 3BUX, 3OB1, 3OB2, 3PLF, 4A49, 4A4B, 4A4C, 4GPL
Identifiers
Aliases	CBL, C-CBL2, FRA11B, NSLL, RNF55, Cbl proto-oncogene
External IDs	OMIM: 165360; MGI: 88279; HomoloGene: 3802; GeneCards: CBL; OMA:CBL - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)[1] Band 11q23.3 Start 119,206,298 bp[1] End 119,313,926 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9 A5.1- A5.2|9 24.72 cM Start 44,054,273 bp[2] End 44,145,346 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad trigeminal ganglion testicle trabecular bone saphenous vein spinal ganglia superficial temporal artery nipple blood visceral pleura Top expressed in thymus granulocyte Rostral migratory stream spermatocyte tail of embryo spermatid mesenteric lymph nodes lateral septal nucleus anterior amygdaloid area blood More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function calcium ion binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity phosphotyrosine residue binding signal transducer activity metal ion binding ubiquitin-protein transferase activity protein binding ephrin receptor binding SH3 domain binding phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit binding transferase activity receptor tyrosine kinase binding ubiquitin protein ligase activity cadherin binding epidermal growth factor receptor binding protein kinase binding protein tyrosine kinase binding Cellular component membrane plasma membrane nucleus perinuclear region of cytoplasm flotillin complex growth cone cytoplasm cytosol focal adhesion axon mast cell granule membrane raft Golgi apparatus cilium cell projection Biological process positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of apoptotic process regulation of signaling fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway cell surface receptor signaling pathway protein ubiquitination positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway cellular response to DNA damage stimulus cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway regulation of transcription, DNA-templated neuron death cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation response to activity response to starvation response to ethanol protein polyubiquitination protein monoubiquitination negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity male gonad development response to gamma radiation response to testosterone entry of bacterium into host cell mast cell degranulation response to antibiotic membrane organization negative regulation of neuron death cytokine-mediated signaling pathway interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process signal transduction regulation of Rap protein signal transduction cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 867 12402 Ensembl ENSG00000110395 ENSMUSG00000034342 UniProt P22681 P22682 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005188 NM_007619 RefSeq (protein) NP_005179 NP_031645 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 119.21 – 119.31 Mb Chr 9: 44.05 – 44.15 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL is an enzyme that is humans is encoded by the CBL (Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma) gene. CBL gene is the founding member the Cbl family. The protein CBL which is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination. Mutations to this gene have been implicated in a number of human cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia.[5]

Discovery

[edit]

In 1989 a virally encoded portion of the chromosomal mouse Cbl gene was the first member of the Cbl family to be discovered[6] and was named v-Cbl to distinguish it from normal mouse c-Cbl. The virus used in the experiment was a mouse-tropic strain of Murine leukemia virus isolated from the brain of a mouse captured at Lake Casitas, California known as Cas-Br-M,[7] and was found to have excised approximately a third of the original c-Cbl gene from a mouse into which it was injected. Sequencing revealed that the portion carried by the retrovirus encoded a tyrosine kinase binding domain, and that this was the oncogenic form as retroviruses carrying full-length c-Cbl did not induce tumor formation. The resultant transformed retrovirus was found to consistently induce a type of pre-B lymphoma, known as Casitas B-lineage lymphoma, in infected mice.

Structure

[edit]

Full length c-Cbl has been found to consist of several regions encoding for functionally distinct protein domains:

• N-terminal tyrosine kinase binding domain (TKB domain): determines the protein which it can bind to
• RING finger domain motif: recruits enzymes involved in ubiquitination
• Proline-rich region: the site of interaction between Cbl and cytosolic proteins involved in Cbl's adaptor functions
• C-terminal ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA domain): the site of ubiquitin binding

This domain structure and the tyrosine and serine-rich content of the protein product is typical of an "adaptor molecule" used in cell signalling pathways.[8]

Homologues

[edit]

Three mammalian homologues have been characterized, which all differ in their ability to function as adaptor proteins due to the differing lengths of their C-terminal UBA domains:

1. c-Cbl: ubiquitously expressed, 906 and 913 amino acids in length in humans and mice respectively
2. Cbl-b: ubiquitously expressed, 982 amino acids long.
3. Cbl-c: lacks the UBA domain and is therefore only 474 amino acids in length. It is primarily expressed in epithelial cells however its function is poorly understood.

Both c-Cbl and Cbl-b have orthologues in D. melanogaster (D-Cbl) and C. elegans (Sli-1), hinting at a long evolutionary path for these proteins.[8]

Function

[edit]

Ubiquitin ligase

[edit]

Ubiquitination is the process of chemically attaching ubiquitin monomers to a protein, thereby targeting it for degradation. As this is a multi-step process, several different enzymes are involved, the final one being a member of the E3 family of ligases. Cbl functions as an E3 ligase, and therefore is able to catalyse the formation of a covalent bond between ubiquitin and Cbl's protein substrate - typically a receptor tyrosine kinase. The RING-finger domain mediates this transfer, however like other E3 ligases of the RING type no intermediate covalent bond is formed between ubiquitin and the RING-finger domain. The stepwise attachment of ubiquitin to the substrate receptor tyrosine kinase can lead to its removal from the plasma membrane and subsequent trafficking to the lysosome for degradation.

Interactions

[edit]

Cbl gene has been shown to interact with:

• Abl gene,[9][10]
• ARHGEF7,[11]
• C-Met,[12][13]
• CD2AP,[14][15][16]
• CSF1R.[17]
• CRK,[18][19]
• CRKL,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
• EGFR,[12]<[28][29]
• FRS2,[30]
• FYN,[24][31]
• Grb2,[12][18][19][20][30][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]
• HCK,[40][41]
• IGF1R,[42]
• LCP2,[20][43]
• NCK1,[9][20]
• PDGFRA,[44]
• PIK3R1,[18][45][46]
• PIK3R2,[21][47]
• PLCG1,[28][48]
• PTK2B,[14][49]
• PTPN11,[50]
• SH2B2,[12][51]
• SH3KBP1[13][52][53][54][55]
• SHC1,[18][32]
• SLA2,[56]
• SORBS1,[14][57]
• SORBS2,[10][14]
• SPRY2,[12][58][59]
• Syk,[60][61][62]
• UBE2L3,[58][63][64]
• VAV1,[61][65]
• YWHAB,[36]
• YWHAQ,[66][67] and
• ZAP-70,[68][69]

References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110395 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034342 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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6. ^ Langdon WY, Hartley JW, Klinken SP, Ruscetti SK, Morse HC (Feb 1989). "v-cbl, an oncogene from a dual-recombinant murine retrovirus that induces early B-lineage lymphomas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (4): 1168–1172. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.1168L. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.4.1168. PMC 286647. PMID 2784003.
7. ^ Hartley J, Rowe W (July 1976). "Naturally occurring murine leukemia viruses in wild mice: characterization of a new "amphotropic" class". Journal of Virology. 19 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1128/JVI.19.1.19-25.1976. PMC 354828. PMID 59816.
8. ^ a b Schmidt MH, Dikic I (Dec 2005). "The Cbl interactome and its functions". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 6 (12): 907–918. doi:10.1038/nrm1762. PMID 16227975. S2CID 1527924.
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10. ^ a b Soubeyran P, Barac A, Szymkiewicz I, Dikic I (February 2003). "Cbl-ArgBP2 complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of c-Abl". The Biochemical Journal. 370 (Pt 1): 29–34. doi:10.1042/BJ20021539. PMC 1223168. PMID 12475393.
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Further reading

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• Smit L, Borst J (1997). "The Cbl family of signal transduction molecules". Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis. 8 (4): 359–379. doi:10.1615/critrevoncog.v8.i4.50. PMID 9622055.
• Lupher ML, Andoniou CE, Bonita D, Miyake S, Band H (Apr 1998). "The c-Cbl oncoprotein". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 30 (4): 439–444. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00075-7. PMID 9675877.
• Fang N, Fang D, Wang HY, Altman A, Liu YC (2002). "Regulation of immune responses by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases". Current Directions in Autoimmunity. 5: 161–175. doi:10.1159/000060552. ISBN 978-3-8055-7308-5. PMID 11826757. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

[edit]

• Quips article describing CBL function at PDBe
• OMIM entries on NOONAN SYNDROME-LIKE DISORDER WITH OR WITHOUT JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA and CBL
• Human CBL genome location and CBL gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

v t e PDB gallery

1b47: STRUCTURE OF THE N-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF CBL IN COMPLEX WITH ITS BINDING SITE IN ZAP-70 1fbv: STRUCTURE OF A CBL-UBCH7 COMPLEX: RING DOMAIN FUNCTION IN UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES 1yvh: Crystal Structure of the c-Cbl TKB Domain in Complex with the APS pTyr-618 Phosphopeptide 2cbl: N-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF CBL IN COMPLEX WITH ITS BINDING SITE ON ZAP-70 2oo9: crystal structure of the UBA domain from human c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase

v t e Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes
Ligand	Growth factors ONCO c-Sis/PDGF HGF
Receptor	Wnt signaling pathway TSP CDH1 Hedgehog signaling pathway TSP PTCH1 TGF beta signaling pathway TSP TGF beta receptor 2 Receptor tyrosine kinase ONCO ErbB/c-ErbB HER2/neu Her 3 c-Met c-Ret JAK-STAT signaling pathway ONCO c-Kit Flt3
Intracellular signaling P+Ps	Wnt signaling pathway ONCO Beta-catenin TSP APC TGF beta signaling pathway TSP SMAD2 SMAD4 Akt/PKB signaling pathway ONCO c-Akt TSP PTEN Hippo signaling pathway TSP Neurofibromin 2/Merlin MAPK/ERK pathway ONCO c-Ras HRAS c-Raf TSP Neurofibromin 1 Other/unknown ONCO c-Src TSP Maspin
Nucleus	Cell cycle ONCO CDK4 Cyclin D Cyclin E TSP p53 pRb WT1 p16/p14arf DNA repair/Fanconi TSP BRCA1 BRCA2 Ubiquitin ligase ONCO CBL MDM2 TSP VHL Transcription factor ONCO AP-1 c-Fos c-Jun c-Myc TSP KLF6
Mitochondrion	Apoptosis inhibitor SDHB SDHD
Other/ungrouped	c-Bcl-2 Notch Stathmin

v t e Posttranslational modification
Chaperones/protein folding	Heat shock proteins/Chaperonins Hsp10/GroES Hsp27 Hsp47 HSP60/GroEL Hsp40/DnaJ A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B11 B4 B6 B9 C1 C3 C5 C6 C7 C10 C11 C13 C14 C19 Hsp70 1A 1B 1L 2 4 4L 5 6 7 8 9 12A 14 Hsp90 α1 α2 β ER TRAP1 Other Alpha crystallin Clusterin Survival of motor neuron SMN1 SMN2
Protein targeting	Signal peptide Mitochondrial targeting signal
Ubiquitin(ubiquitylation)	E1 Ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1 UBA2 UBA3 UBA5 UBA6 UBA7 ATG7 NAE1 SAE1 E2 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme A B C D1 D2 D3 E1 E2 E3 G1 G2 H I J1 J2 K L1 L2 L3 L4 L6 M N O Q1 Q2 R1 (CDC34) R2 S V1 V2 Z E3 Ubiquitin ligase VHL Cullin CBL MDM2 FANCL UBR1 Deubiquitinating enzyme: Ataxin 3 USP6 CYLD ATG3 BIRC6 UFC1
Ubiquitin-like proteins(UBL)	SUMO protein(SUMOylation) E1 SUMO-activating enzyme SAE1 SAE2 E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1 PIAS2 PIAS3 PIAS4 Other ISG15 URM1 UFM1 NEDD8 (neddylation) FAT10 ATG8 ATG12 FUB1 MUB UBL5 Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein

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