CHỨC NĂNG ĐỘNG TỪ(VERB FUNCTION)
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Chủ Nhật, 15 tháng 3, 2009
CHỨC NĂNG ĐỘNG TỪ(VERB FUNCTION)
CÁC CÔNG THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ: Động từ có 2 loại: Tự động từ(intransitive verb)=Là động từ không có túc từ(object) và Tha động từ(transitive verb)=Là động từ phải có túc từ(object)EX: I swim-> to SWIM is an intransitive verb; I like him-> to LIKE is a transitive verbCác chữ viết tắt: Verb function(VF), Subject(S), Vi(intransitive verb=nội động từ=tự động từ), Vt(transitive verb=ngoại động từ=tha động từ), l(linking verb=động từ nối), DO(direct object=túc từ trực tiếp), IO(indirect object=túc từ gián tiếp), C(complement=bổ túc từ), BI(bare infinitive=động từ nguyên mẫu không TO), PR.P(present participle=động tính từ hiện tại), P.P(past participle=động tính từ quá khứ), ADJ(adjective=tính tứ)Dưới đây là những công thức giúp chúng ta viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh:+ VF1: S + ViEX: I go, She works, They travel.+ VF2: S + Vt + DOEX: He teaches English, They clap(vỗ) their hands.+ VF3: S + Vl + SC(Subject Complement)(to be=thì, là, ở, to become=trở thành, to get=trở nên, to look=trông có vẻ, to feel=cảm thấy, to sound=nghe có vẻ, to taste=nếm có vẻ, to smell=ngửi có vẻ, to seem=có vẻ như, to keep=như có vẻ,...)EX: I am a doctor, She feels happy, They get better.+ VF4: S + Vt + DO(What) + IO(Who)(to send=gửi,to advance=đưa trước, to award=thưởng, to bring=đưa đến, to give=cho, to take=đem đi, to rent= cho thuê, to grant=cho, to hand=đưa bằng tay, to lease=cho thuê dài hạn, to leave=để lại, to lend=cho mượn, to loan=cho vay, to mail=gửi bằng bưu điện, to offer=tặng, to owe=thiếu nợ, to pass=đưa cho, to pay=trả tiền, to repay=trả lại, to sell=bán, to show=chỉ, to sing=hát, to teach=dạy, to tell=kể, to write=viết,...)EX: He gives a red rose to her(He gives her a red rose), They advance some money to Paul, I passed the salt to Maria.+ VF5: S + Vt + DO + BI(to make=làm cho, kiếm cho, bắt buộc, to let=để cho, cho phép, to have=nhờ, to help=giúp,...)EX: She made him go, I let them sleep, I have my sister buy some food, I help my father do the gardening)+ VF6: S + Vt + DO + PR.P(to catch=bắt gặp, to find=thấy, to keep=bắt buộc, làm cho, to leave=để cho, bỏ mặc, to set=khởi động, to start=khởi động,...)EX: She caught him looking at her, We found the boy playing in the garden, I kept him waiting)+ VF7: S + Vt + DO + BI/PR.P(to look at, to see, to watch, to notice=để ý, to observe, to listen to, to hear, to taste, to smell, to feel)EX: They look at me play tennis(toàn bộ hành động)/ The look at me playing tennis(Một phần hành động)+ VF8: S + Vt + DO + ADJ/PPEX: He keeps the door white/ He keeps the door locked; They make the house clean/ They have the house painted.+ VF9: S + Vt + DO + OC(Object Complement)(to call, to make, to appoint=đề nghị, to assign=phân công, to consider=coi như, to vote=bỏ phiếu, to elect=bầu, to choose=chọn, to designate=chỉ định,..)EX: I call her Patty; We make our child a singer; They appoint him a secretary, I consider her my sister.Note: I choose her FOR my leader/ I consider her AS my sister/ I consider her TO BE my sister.+ VF10: @ S+ Vt + GERUND( to admit=nhận, to anticipate=mong đợi, to appreciate=cảm ơn, to avoid=tránh, to consider=dự tính, to delay=hoãn, to deny=phủ nhận, to dislike=không thích, to enjoy=thưởng thức, to finish=xong, to keep=tiếp tục, to mind=bận tâm, to miss=trễ, hụt, to postpone=hoãn, to practice=thực tập, to risk=liều, to suggest=đề nghị,...)EX: We have to practice speaking English all of the time/ Do you mind opening the door for me?@ S + Expressions + GERUND- To be used to(quen): I am used to getting up early- To get used to(quen): I get used to getting up early- To be accustomed to, to get accustomed to(quen): - To object to(phản đối): I object to going out- To look forward to(mong ước): I look forward to seeing you again- To go(đi): I go swimming, I go dancing,...+ VF11: @ S + V + to + VFEX: He likes to go/ We expect to see him/ He likes me to stay.@ S + Vt + to be PPEX: He likes to be rewarded/ We expect to be respected(only transitive verb)@ S + Vt + GERUND/TO BE PP(passive)(to need, to want, to merit, be worth=đáng được, to desire=ước mong)EX: This book is worth reading(This book is worth to be read)+ VF12:@ S + VF + to/in order to + VFEX: She stays in order to learn English@ S + VF + VF, VF, VF and VFEX: She came, picked up, her brother and went home.@ S + VF, PR.PEX: The architect is busy, working on the drawing+ VF13: S + MODAL + VF( Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, had better, would rather, have got to)EX: I can work/ She will buy my house,...MODAL VERBS(CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT)I- USAGES(cách sử dụng):1- Probability(có thể xảy ra): CAN/ COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT(có lẽ, guess)EX: He may be in class(Anh ta có lẽ ở trong lớp).2- Permission(sự cho phép): CAN/ COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT(được phép)EX: Can I use your computer?( Tôi có được phép sử dụng máy vi tính của bạn không?3- Ability(khả năng): CAN/ COULD(có thể)EX: She can speak English(Cô ấy có thể nói tiếng Anh).4- Future(tương lai): WILL/ SHALL(I/We)(sẽ)EX: He will come here tomorrow(Anh ấy sẽ đến đây vào ngày mai).5- Politeness(lịch sự): WOULD......LIKEEX: Would you like beer?( Bạn muốn uống bia không?)6- Obligation(bổn phận): SHOULD(nên)EX: You should study hard(Bạn nên chịu khó học).7- Moral obligation(bổn phận tinh thần): OUGHT TO(nên)EX: You ought to obey your parents(Bạn nên vâng lời cha mẹ bạn)8- Strong obligation(bổn phận bắt buộc): MUST/DON'T HAVE TO(phải)EX: You must unlock the door(Bạn phải đóng cửa)9- Recommendation(sự khuyên bảo): HAD BETTER(nên/tốt hơn là)EX: You had better get up early(Bạn nên thức dậy sớm).10- Preference(thích hơn): WOULD RATHER(thích hơn/ thà...còn hơn)EX: It's too hot. We would rather stay at home(Trời quá nóng. Chúng ta thà ở nhà còn hơn).11- Prohibition(sự cấm đoán): MUSTN'T(không được)EX: You mustn't stay at home(Bạn không được ở nhà).II- NOTES(các lưu ý):- Negative của "MUST" là "DON'T HAVE TO"(không phải).- SHALL dùng với YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY = Phải(lời hứa).- MUST=TO HAVE GOT TO=TO HAVE TO=PHẢI=TO BE SUPPOSED TO=TO BE TO=PHẢI(sự mong ước)EX: I've got to leave tomorrow; The meeting is supposed to begin at 6:00 PM; You are to come here at noon.- WILL=TO BE GOING TO=SẼ, He is going to come tomorrow.- CAN=TO BE ABLE TO=CÓ THỂ, He is able to speak English.- MAY=TO BE ALLOWED TO=ĐƯỢC PHÉP, He is allowed to go outTo be fined: Bị phạt, To permit=To allow: Cho phépEX: My parents don't allow me to attend his party; I may not attend his party; I am not allowed to attend his party.- USED TO=WOULD + VERB=Thường, đã từng(thói quen trong quá khứ).EX: When I was young, I used to go to bed early=When I was young, I would go to bed early.- TO BE(GET) USED TO = TO BE(GET) ACCUSTOMED TO = TO BE FAMILIAR WITH = THÓI QUEN(Chia động từ to be/to get ở quá khứ, hiện tại và tương lai + GERUND).EX: I am used to sleeping early now=I get used to sleeping early now=I am accustomed to sleeping early now=I get accustomed to sleeping early now=I am familiar with sleeping early now( Bây giờ tôi có thói quen dậy sớm).When I was young, I was used to sleeping early(Khi tôi còn trẻ, tôi đã có thói quen dậy sớm). I will be used to sleeping early(Tôi sẽ có thói quen dậy sớm).SỰ KHÁC BIỆT GIỮA USED TO và TO BE(GET) USED TO là USED TO + V(infinitive), TO BE(GET) USED TO + GERUND.CÁI THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH:I- PRESENT TENSES:1-Present simple: S + V(e/es)Usage:1/ General facts(GF): He is my son2/ Habits(Ha): He works everyday3/ Hobbies(Ho): He plays the violin 4/ Purpose(Pu): He works in order to earn money.2-Present continuous: S + am/is/are + V-INGUsage: - Actions lasting now(NOW, AT PRESENT, AT THE MOMENT):+ We're living with Mark.+ He's going to school.+ We're selling computers.- Actions lasting with THIS...(THIS WEEK, THIS MONTH, THIS YEAR, ect)+ Mark's taking his final examination this week.3-Present perpect: S + have/has + PPUsage: - Completed: Mark has gone to Hawaii/ Mark has just gone to Hawaii- Already started: + He's stayed home for 3 days.+ He's stayed home since Monday evening.+ He's stayed since we saw him.4-Present perfect continious: S + have/has been + V-ING.Usage: - Completed and lasting with/without LATELY, RECENTLY.+ He's been helping a lot of his friends lately.+ He's been making some money recently.- Started and lasting till now:+ He's been working for this company for 3 months.+ He's been singing in the school choir for 3 years.II- PAST TENSES:1-Past simple: S + V(ed/2nd)Usage:- A time in the past: He called me up last night.- + Ago: We played chess two days ago.2-Past continuous: S + was/were + V-INGUsage:3-Past perfect: S + had + PPUsage:4-Past perfect continuous: S + had been + V-INGUsage:5-Past future: S + WOULD + VUsage:III- FURURE TENSES:1-Future simple: S + will + VUsage:2-Future coutinuous: S + will be + V-INGUsage:3-Future perfect: S + will have + PPUsage:4-Future perfect continuous: S + will have been + V-INGUsage:IV- CONDITIONAL TENSES:1-Conditional simple: S + would + VUsage:2-Conditional continuous: S + would be + V-INGUsage:3-Conditional perfect: S + would have+ PPUsage:4-Conditional perfect continuous: S + would have been + V-INGUsage: ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮCSIMPLE FORM/ SIMPLE PAST/ PAST PARTICIPLE/ PRESENT PARTICIPLE/ VIETNAMESE MEANINGBring/ Brought/ Brought/ Bringing/ MangBuy/ Bought/ Bought/ Buying/ MuaFight/ Fought/ Fought/ Fighting/ Chiếu đấuThink/ Thought/ Thought/ Thinking/ NghĩBeat/ Beat/ Beaten/ Beating/ Đánh đậpEat/ Ate/ Eaten/ Eating/ ĂnBite/ Bit/ Bitten/ Biting/ CắnHide/ Hid/ Hidden/ Hiding/ TrốnRide/ Rode/ Ridden/ Riding/ CưỡiRise/ Rose/ Risen/ Rising/ Mọc lênBlow/ Blew/ Blown/ Blowing/ ThổiFly/ Flew/ Flown/ Flying/ BayGrow/ Grew/ Grown/ Growing/ Lớn lên, TrồngKnow/ Knew/ Known/ Knowing/ BiếtShow/ Showed/ Shown(Showed)/ Showing/ Chỉ cho thấyMean/ Meant/ Meant/ Meaning/ Có nghĩaDream/ Dreamt/ Dreamt/ Dreaming/ MơLearn/ Learnt/ Learnt/ Learning/ HọcLean/ Leant/ Leant/ Leaning/ Dực vàoBreak/ Broke/ Broken/ Breaking/ Bể, làm vỡSpeak/ Spoke/ Spoken/ Speaking/ Nói, phát biểuCatch/ Caught/ Caught/ Catching/ Bắt, ChụpTeach/ Taught/ Taught/ Teaching/ DạyChoose/ Chose/ Chosen/ Choosing/ Chọn lựaCome/ Came/ Come/ Coming/ ĐếnBecome/ Became/ Become/ Becoming/ Trở nênOvercome/ Overcame/ Overcome/ Overcoming/ Vượt quaDrink/ Drank/ Drunk/ Drinking/ UốngBegin/ Began/ Begun/ Beginning/ Bắt đầu Nhãn: Buổi sáng một ngày tháng ba1 nhận xét:
Nặc danhlúc 17:57 3 tháng 3, 2016How I Got My Loan From A Genuine And Reliable Loan Company I am Mrs.Irene Query i was in need of a loan of S$70,000 and was scammed by those fraudulent lenders and a friend introduce me to Dr Purva Pius,and he lend me the loan without any stress,you can contact him at ([email protected]) Approvals within 2-4 Hours1. Name Of Applicant in Full:……..2. Telephone Numbers:……….3. Address and Location:…….4. Amount in request………..5. Repayment Period:………..6. Purpose Of Loan………….7. country…………………8. phone…………………..9. occupation………………10.age/sex…………………11.Monthly Income…………..12.Email……………..Regards.ManagementsEmail Kindly Contact: [email protected]
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