HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O - Chemical Equation Balancer

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Balanced Chemical Equation

2HNO3 + 3H2S → 2NO + 3S + 4H2O Reaction Info Balance Another Equation Thermodynamics Step-by-Step Solution Practice Balancing

Reaction Information

Word Equation

Nitric Acid + Hydrogen Sulfide = Nitric Oxide (Radical) + Sulfur + Water

Two moles of Nitric Acid [HNO3] and three moles of Hydrogen Sulfide [H2S] react to form two moles of Nitric Oxide (Radical) [NO], three moles of Sulfur [S] and four moles of Water [H2O]

Reactants

• Nitric Acid - HNO3

  Hono2 Hydrogen Nitrate Engravers Acid Aqua Fortis Fuming Nitric Acid Spirit Of Niter HNO3 Molar Mass HNO3 Oxidation Number

• Hydrogen Sulfide - H2S

  Hepatic Acid Stink Damp Hepatic Gas Sour Gas Hepatate Sulfur Hydride Sulfureted Hydrogen Hydrosulfurate H2S Molar Mass H2S Oxidation Number

Products

• Nitric Oxide (Radical) - NO

  Nitric Oxide Nitrosyl Hydride Nitrogen Protoxide Nitrogen Oxide Hydroxyamine Nitrosyl Radical Nitroxyl Nitroxide Radical NO Molar Mass NO Bond Polarity NO Oxidation Number

• Sulfur - S

  Brimstone Element 16 Sulphur S Molar Mass S Oxidation Number

• Water - H2O

  Hydroxic Acid H₂O [Oh2] Aqua Pure Water Hydrogen Oxide Oxidane Dihydrogen Oxide H2O Molar Mass H2O Oxidation Number

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics of the reaction can be calculated using a lookup table.

Choose Compound States HNO3 (l)HNO3 (g)HNO3 H2S (g)H2S NO (g)NO S (s rhombic)S (g)S (l)S H2O (g)H2O (l)H2O Change States Enthalpy Calculator

Is the Reaction Exothermic or Endothermic?

HNO3 (l)	2 mol	-173.2176 kJ/mol	346.4352 kJ
H2S (g)	3 mol	-20.16688 kJ/mol	60.50064 kJ
NO (g)	2 mol	90.24888 kJ/mol	180.49776 kJ
S (s rhombic)	3 mol	0 kJ/mol	0 kJ
H2O (g)	4 mol	-241.818464 kJ/mol	-967.273856 kJ
ΣΔH°f(reactants)	-406.93584 kJ
ΣΔH°f(products)	-786.776096 kJ
ΔH°rxn	-379.840256 kJ

ΣΔH°f(reactants) > ΣΔH°f(products), so HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O is exothermic (releases heat). Entropy Calculator

Is the Reaction Exoentropic or Endoentropic?

ΔS = Sproducts - Sreactants. If ΔS < 0, it is exoentropic. If ΔS > 0, it is endoentropic.

HNO3 (l)	2 mol	155.60296 J/(mol K)	-311.20592 J/K
H2S (g)	3 mol	205.76912 J/(mol K)	-617.30736 J/K
NO (g)	2 mol	210.651848 J/(mol K)	421.303696 J/K
S (s rhombic)	3 mol	31.92392 J/(mol K)	95.77176 J/K
H2O (g)	4 mol	188.715136 J/(mol K)	754.860544 J/K
ΣΔS°(reactants)	928.51328 J/K
ΣΔS°(products)	1271.936 J/K
ΔS°rxn	343.42272 J/K

ΣΔS°(products) > ΣΔS°(reactants), so HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O is endoentropic (increase in entropy). Gibbs Free Energy Calculator

Is the Reaction Exergonic or Endergonic?

ΔG = Gproducts - Greactants. If ΔG < 0, it is exergonic. If ΔG > 0, it is endergonic.

HNO3 (l)	2 mol	-79.9144 kJ/mol	159.8288 kJ
H2S (g)	3 mol	-33.0536 kJ/mol	99.1608 kJ
NO (g)	2 mol	86.56696 kJ/mol	173.13392 kJ
S (s rhombic)	3 mol	0 kJ/mol	0 kJ
H2O (g)	4 mol	-228.588656 kJ/mol	-914.354624 kJ
ΣΔG°(reactants)	-258.9896 kJ
ΣΔG°(products)	-741.220704 kJ
ΔG°rxn	-482.231104 kJ

ΣΔG°(reactants) > ΣΔG°(products), so HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O is exergonic (releases energy).

Reaction Expressions

Equilibrium Constant & Reaction Quotient Kc or Q = ( [NO]2 [S]3 [H2O]4 ) / ( [HNO3]2 [H2S]3 )(assuming all reactants and products are aqueous. substitutue 1 for any solids/liquids, and Psubstance for gases.) Rate of Reaction rate = -1/2 * (Δ[HNO3] / Δt) = -1/3 * (Δ[H2S] / Δt) = 1/2 * (Δ[NO] / Δt) = 1/3 * (Δ[S] / Δt) = 1/4 * (Δ[H2O] / Δt)(assuming constant volume in a closed system and no accumulation of intermediates or side products) Calculate Reaction Stoichiometry Calculate Limiting Reagent Chemical Equation Balancer 🛠️ Balance Equation ➜

Instructions

To balance a chemical equation, enter an equation of a chemical reaction and press the Balance button. The balanced equation will appear above.

• Use uppercase for the first character in the element and lowercase for the second character. Examples: Fe, Au, Co, Br, C, O, N, F.
• Ionic charges are not yet supported and will be ignored.
• Replace immutable groups in compounds to avoid ambiguity. For example, C6H5C2H5 + O2 = C6H5OH + CO2 + H2O will not be balanced, but XC2H5 + O2 = XOH + CO2 + H2O will.
• Compound states [like (s) (aq) or (g)] are not required.
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How To Balance Equations

Balance any equation or reaction using this chemical equation balancer! Find out what type of reaction occured.

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Examples

• Nitric Acid + Hydrogen Sulfide = Nitric Oxide (Radical) + Sulfur + Water
• HNO3 + H2S + H2O = NH4HSO4
• HNO3 + H2S = (NO2)H2O + S
• HNO3 + H2S = H20 + NO + S
• HNO3 + H2S = H2NO3 + HS
• HNO3 + H2S = H2O + H2SO4 + NO2
• HNO3 + H2S = H2O + N2 + S
• HNO3 + H2S = H2O + NO + H2O + S
• HNO3 + H2S = H2O + NO + H2SO4
• Ba(ClO3)2 + HBr = BaCl2 + Br2 + H2O
• NaHCO3 + Na2SiO3 = Na2CO3 + H2O3Si
• Al3O + H2O = Al3(OH)2
• CaCO3 + BaCl2 = CaCl2 + CBaO3
• Recently Balanced Equations

Balance HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O Using the Algebraic Method

To balance the equation HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O using the algebraic method step-by-step, you must have experience solving systems of linear equations. The most common methods are substitution/elimination and linear algebra, but any similar method will work.

Step 1: Label Each Compound With a Variable

Label each compound (reactant or product) in the equation with a variable to represent the unknown coefficients.

a HNO3 + b H2S = c NO + d S + f H2O

Step 2: Create a System of Equations

Create an equation for each element (H, N, O, S) where each term represents the number of atoms of the element in each reactant or product.

H: 1a + 2b = 0c + 0d + 2f N: 1a + 0b = 1c + 0d + 0f O: 3a + 0b = 1c + 0d + 1f S: 0a + 1b = 0c + 1d + 0f

Step 3: Solve For All Variables

Use substitution, Gaussian elimination, or a calculator to solve for each variable.

Using Substitution or Elimination

• 1a + 2b - 2f = 0
• 1a - 1c = 0
• 3a - 1c - 1f = 0
• 1b - 1d = 0

Using Linear Systems / Algebra

Use your graphing calculator's rref() function (or an online rref calculator) to convert the following matrix into reduced row-echelon-form:

[ 1 2 0 0 -2 0] [ 1 0 -1 0 0 0] [ 3 0 -1 0 -1 0] [ 0 1 0 -1 0 0] The resulting matrix can be used to determine the coefficients. In the case of a single solution, the last column of the matrix will contain the coefficients. Convert to RREF and Solve Step-by-Step

Simplify the result to get the lowest, whole integer values.

• a = 2 (HNO3)
• b = 3 (H2S)
• c = 2 (NO)
• d = 3 (S)
• f = 4 (H2O)

Step 4: Substitute Coefficients and Verify Result

Count the number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation and verify that all elements and electrons (if there are charges/ions) are balanced.

2 HNO3 + 3 H2S = 2 NO + 3 S + 4 H2O

Reactants	Products
H	8	8	✔️
N	2	2	✔️
O	6	6	✔️
S	3	3	✔️

Since there is an equal number of each element in the reactants and products of 2HNO3 + 3H2S = 2NO + 3S + 4H2O, the equation is balanced.

Balance HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O Using Inspection

The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, which means there must be the same number atoms at the end of a chemical reaction as at the beginning. To be balanced, every element in HNO3 + H2S = NO + S + H2O must have the same number of atoms on each side of the equation. When using the inspection method (also known as the trial-and-error method), this principle is used to balance one element at a time until both sides are equal and the chemical equation is balanced.

Step 1: Count the number of each element on the left and right hand sides

Reactants (Left Hand Side)			Products (Right Hand Side)
Reactants	Products
HNO3	H2S	Total	NO	S	H2O	Total
H	1	2	3	2	2	❌
N	1	1	1	1	✔️
O	3	3	1	1	2	❌
S	1	1	1	1	✔️

Step 2: Multiply coefficients for compounds to balance out each element

For each element that is not equal, try to balance it by adding more of it to the side with less. Sometimes there may be multiple compounds with that element on one side, so you'll need to use your best judgement and be prepared to go back and try the other options.

1. O is not balanced. Add 1 molecule of NO to the product (right-hand) side to balance Oxygen: HNO3 + H2S = 2NO + S + H2O

   Reactants	Products
   H	3	2	❌
   N	1	2	❌
   O	3	3	✔️
   S	1	1	✔️

2. N is not balanced. Add 1 molecule of HNO3 to the reactant (left-hand) side to balance Nitrogen: 2HNO3 + H2S = 2NO + S + H2O

   Reactants	Products
   H	4	2	❌
   N	2	2	✔️
   O	6	3	❌
   S	1	1	✔️

3. H is not balanced. Add 1 molecule of H2O to the product (right-hand) side to balance Hydrogen: 2HNO3 + H2S = 2NO + S + 2H2O

   Reactants	Products
   H	4	4	✔️
   N	2	2	✔️
   O	6	4	❌
   S	1	1	✔️

4. O is not balanced. Add 2 molecules of H2O to the product (right-hand) side to balance Oxygen: 2HNO3 + H2S = 2NO + S + 4H2O

   Reactants	Products
   H	4	8	❌
   N	2	2	✔️
   O	6	6	✔️
   S	1	1	✔️

5. H is not balanced. Add 2 molecules of H2S to the reactant (left-hand) side to balance Hydrogen: 2HNO3 + 3H2S = 2NO + S + 4H2O

   Reactants	Products
   H	8	8	✔️
   N	2	2	✔️
   O	6	6	✔️
   S	3	1	❌

6. S is not balanced. Add 2 molecules of S to the product (right-hand) side to balance Sulfur: 2HNO3 + 3H2S = 2NO + 3S + 4H2O

   Reactants	Products
   H	8	8	✔️
   N	2	2	✔️
   O	6	6	✔️
   S	3	3	✔️

Step 3: Verify that the equation is balanced

Since there are an equal number of atoms of each element on both sides, the equation is balanced.

2HNO3 + 3H2S = 2NO + 3S + 4H2O

Practice Balancing

HNO3 - + + H2S - + = NO - + + S - + + H2O - +

Reactants	Products
H	3	2	❌
N	1	1	✔️
O	3	2	❌
S	1	1	✔️

Hint: The sum of the balanced coefficients is 14. See Step-By-Step Solution

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