[edit]English Wikipedia has an article on:shockWikipedia
Alternative forms
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choque(obsolete)
Pronunciation
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(Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ʃɒk/
(General American) IPA(key): /ʃɔk/, /ʃɑk/
Audio (US):
(file)
Homophone: shark(non-rhotic,father-bother merger)
Rhymes: -ɒk
Etymology 1
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From Middle Dutchschokken(“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle Frenchchoquer(“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch*skokkan(“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic*skukkaną(“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic*skakaną(“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European*(s)kek-, *(s)keg-(“to shake, stir”); see shake.
Cognate with Middle Low Germanschocken(“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High Germanscoc(“a jolt, swing”), Middle High Germanschocken(“to swing”) (Germanschaukeln), Old Norseskykkr(“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandicskykkjun(“tremulously”), Middle Englishschiggen(“to shake”). Doublet of shog.
Noun
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shock (countable and uncountable, plural shocks)
A sudden, heavy impact. The train hit the buffers with a great shock.
(figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning. Synonyms:see Thesaurus:surprise
(psychology) A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
2005, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, David Kessler, On Grief and Grieving, →ISBN, page 85:A tremendous shock arises when a secret is discovered.
(medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 173:But as was the case with pacemakers, external defibrillators were unwieldy, and the shocks they delivered—in the rare cases when patients were still conscious—were painful.
(psychology) A state of distress following a mental or emotional disturbance, often caused by news or other stimuli. Fans were in shock in the days following the singer's death.
2008, Wally Lamb, The Hour I First Believed, Ch.5, at p.112: ". . . Maureen, I don't feel sad. I don't feel anything. What's wrong with me?""Nothing, Cae," she said. "You just haven't been able to take it in yet. Absorb the shock of it."
(medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
(physics) A shock wave. Several reflected shocks enter the bomb core in rapid succession, each helping to compress it to its maximum density.
(automotive, mechanical engineering) A shock absorber (typically in the suspension of a vehicle). If your truck's been riding rough, it might need new shocks.
1993, “Back Seat (of My Jeep)”, in 14 Shots to the Dome, performed by LL Cool J:We're bonin' on the dark blocks / Wearin' out the shocks, wettin' up the dashboard clock
1994, Cycle World Magazine, volume 33, number 1, page 49:At the rear, you'll find a single, centrally mounted shock, the now-familiar single-sided swingarm and BMW's Paralever shaft-drive system, which does away with most of a shafty's chassis-jacking bugaboos.
(mathematics) A discontinuity arising in the solution of a partial differential equation.
A chemical added to a swimming pool to moderate the chlorine levels.
arrangement of sheaves for drying — see stook The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked
Causing intense surprise, horror, etc.; unexpected and shocking. His shock announcement rocked the tennis world.
Verb
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shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)
(transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset. The disaster shocked the world.
(transitive) To give an electric shock to.
(transitive) To subject to a shock wave or violent impact. Ammonium nitrate can detonate if severely shocked.
(obsolete, intransitive) To meet with a shock; to collide in a violent encounter.
1832, Thomas De Quincey, Klosterheim Or, the Masque:They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together.
(transitive) To add a chemical to (a swimming pool) to moderate the chlorine levels.
(geology, transitive) To deform the crystal structure of a stone by the application of extremely high pressure at moderate temperature, as produced only by hypervelocity impact events, lightning strikes, and nuclear explosions.
2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 44:It takes more than two gigapascals (two billion pascals) of pressure to shock quartz in this manner (for comparison, the atmosphere at sea level exerts a little over 100,000 pascals of pressure).
1557, Thomas Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry:Cause it on shocks to be by and by set.
a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Autumn”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell,[…], published 1768, →OCLC:Behind the Master walks, builds up the Shocks.
(commerce, dated) A lot consisting of sixty pieces; a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.
(by extension) A tuft or bunch of something, such as hair or grass. His head boasted a shock of sandy hair.
1968 October 12, Paul Zindel, chapter 12, in The Pigman:Every now and then I’m startled at how good-looking John is, but he glared at me from under the shock of hair that fell across his brow and scared me a little.
2019, Hal Y. Zhang, Hard Mother, Spider Mother, Soft Mother, Brooklyn, NY: Radix Media, →ISBN, page 2:On day three I pointed at the edge of an intricate pentagram peeking above her shock of oily black hair.
(obsolete) A small dog with long shaggy hair, especially a poodle or spitz; a shaggy lapdog.
1827, Thomas Carlyle, The Fair-Haired Eckbert:When I read of witty persons, I could not figure them but like the little shock. (translating the German Spitz)
Verb
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shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)
(transitive) To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook. to shock rye
Anagrams
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Kosch, hocks
Italian
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Etymology
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Unadapted borrowing from Englishshock.
Pronunciation
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IPA(key): */ˈʃɔk/
Rhymes: -ɔk
Noun
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shockm (invariable)
shock (medical; violent or unexpected event)
Spanish
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Etymology
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Unadapted borrowing from Englishshock.
Pronunciation
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IPA(key): /ˈʃok/[ˈʃok]
Rhymes: -ok
Syllabification: shock
Noun
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shockm (plural shocks)
shock
Usage notes
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According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Derived terms
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shock eléctrico
Further reading
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“shock”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
