Symbol Codes | Entity Codes For HTML - Sites At Penn State

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This Web page contains lists of common special entity codes needed in HTML to generate special characters such as ñ, ¢, ÷ and other characters. Full instructions are in the Using the Codes section followed by lists organized by character type. Information on

Page Content

  1. Letters with Accents – (e.g. ó, ò, ñ)
    • Expanded Accents Listing (Unicode) – Phonetics Information Page
  2. Other Foreign Characters – (e.g. ç, ¿, ß)
    • Expanded Foreign Characters (Unicode) – Phonetics Information Page
  3. Currency Symbols – (e.g. ¢, £, ¥)
  4. Math Symbols – (e.g. ±, °, ÷)
  5. Other Punctuation – (e.g. &, ©, §, smart quotes )
  6. Using the Codes
  7. Uniciode Numeric Codes – New Page
  8. Links to Other References

Caution on Smart Quotes and Long Dashes

Smart (curly) quotes (“ ”) — vs. plain (straight) quotes ("") — and long dashes such as em dash (—) and en dash (–) are actually considered "special characters" in HTML. If you are using a Word file with these symbols, you may need to remove them or replace them with entity characters. Plain quotes and short dashes are always OK.

Letters with Accents

This list is organized by Accent type. If a value is missing in the chart, then see the Expanded Unicode Accents code page. NOTES: Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Unicode encoding scheme.

To determine the appropriate code, match the accent with the vowel. The general template for each accent is in the left column in blue. For instance &‌Vcirc; means that all the entity codes for vowels with circumflex accents contain "circ" as part of the code.

Entity Codes for Accented Vowels by Accent Type
Accent A E I O U Y
Grave &‌Vgrave;

(Cap)

 À &‌Agrave; (192) È &‌Egrave; (200) Ì &‌Igrave; (204) Ò &‌Ograve; (210) Ù &‌Ugrave; (217) —
Grave (Lower) à &‌agrave; (224) è &‌egrave; (232) ì &‌igrave; (236) ò &‌ograve; (242) ù &‌ugrave; (249) —
Acute &‌Vacute; (Cap) Á &‌Aacute; (193) É &‌Eacute; (201) Í &‌Iacute; (205) Ó &‌Oacute; (211) Ú &‌Uacute; (218) Ý &‌Yacute; (221)
Acute (Lower) á &‌aacute; (225) é &‌eacute; (233) í &‌iacute; (237) ó &‌oacute; (243) ú &‌uacute; (250) ý &‌yacute; (253)
Circumflex &‌Vcirc; (Cap) Â &‌Acirc; (194) Ê &‌Ecirc; (202) Î &‌Icirc; (206) Ô &‌Ocirc; (212) Û &‌Ucirc; (219) —
Circumflex (Lower) â &‌acirc; (226) ê &‌ecirc; (234) î &‌icirc; (238) ô &‌ocirc; (244) û &‌ucirc; (251) —
Tilde &‌Vtilde; (Cap) Ã &‌Atilde; (195) — Ñ &‌Ntilde; (209) Õ &‌Otilde; (213) — —
Tilde (Lower) ã &‌atilde; (227) — ñ &‌ntilde; (241) õ &‌otilde; (245) — —
Umlaut &‌Vuml; (Cap) Ä &‌Auml; (196) Ë &‌Euml; (203) Ï &‌Iuml; (207) Ö &‌Ouml; (214) Ü &‌Uuml; (220) Ÿ1 &‌Yuml; (159)
Umlaut (Lower) ä &‌auml; (228) ë &‌euml; (235) ï &‌iuml; (239) ö &‌ouml; (246) ü &‌uuml; (252) ÿ &‌yuml; (255)

Examples

Example 1: To input the lower case circumflex â in HTML, type in &‌acirc; or &‌#226; Example 2: To input the capital circumflex  in HTML, type in &‌Acirc; or &‌#194; Exampe 3: To input lower case circumflex ô in HTML, type in &‌ocirc; or &‌#244;

If you are having additional problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

Other Foreign Characters

This page includes common Western European characters only. Refer to the individual By Language pages for further codes.

NOTES: Note that codes are case sensitive. Numbers in parentheses refer to the numeric position of the character in the Unicode encoding scheme (some characters have an older Win-1252 number which is listed first).

Entity Codes for Other Common Characters
SYMBOL NAME CODE
¡ Upside-down exclamation point. &‌iexcl; (161)
¿ Upside-down question mark. &‌iquest; (191)
Ç,ç French C cedille (caps/lowercase) &‌Ccedil; (199) &‌ccedil; (231)
Œ,œ French O-E ligature (caps/lowercase)

&‌OElig; (140 or 338) &‌oelig; (156 or 339)
º,ª Masculine &‌ feminine ordinal number (Spanish/Italian/Portuguese) &‌ordm; (186) &‌ordf; (170)
ß German double S &‌szlig; (223)
Ø,ø O slash (caps/lowercase) &‌Oslash; (216) &‌oslash; (248)
Å,å A ring, Angstrom sign (caps/lowercase) &‌Aring; (197) &‌aring; (229)
Æ,æ A-E ligature (caps/lowercase) &‌AElig; (198) &‌aelig; (230)
Þ,þ Old English thorn (caps/lowercase) &‌THORN; (222) &‌thorn; (254)
Ð,ð Old English eth (caps/lowercase) &‌ETH; (208) &‌eth; (240)
« » European/Spanish style double angle quote mark. &‌laquo; (171) &‌raquo; (187)
‹ › European/Spanish style single angle quote mark. &‌lsaquo; (8249) &‌rsaquo; (8250)
‚ European single bottom quote &‌sbquo; (8218)
„ European bottom quote &‌bdquo; (8222)
“ Opening Double Quotes &‌ldquo; (147 or 8220)
” Closing Double Quotes &‌rdquo; (148 or 8221)
‘ Opening Single Quote Mark &‌lsquo; (145 or 8216)
’ Closing Single Quote Mark &‌rsquo; (146 or 8217)

Currency Symbols

Entity Codes for Common Currency Symbols
SYMBOL NAME CODE
¢ cent sign &‌cent; (162)
£ British Pound &‌pound; (163)
¥ Japanese Yen &‌yen; (165)
€ Euro Symbol &‌euro; (8364)
¤ Generic currency symbol &‌curren; (164)
ƒ Dutch Florin Symbol (may not work in older browsers) &‌fnof; (402)

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

Math Symbols

Codes for Common Math Symbols
SYMBOL NAME CODE
> Greater than &‌gt; (62)
< Less than &‌lt; (60)
÷ Division symbol &‌divide; (247)
/ Forward Slash &‌#47;
° Degree symbol &‌deg; (176)
¬ Not symbol &‌not; (172)
± Plus/minus symbol &‌plusmn; (177)
µ Micro &‌micro; (181)
∴ therefore triangle &‌there4; (8756)
≠ not equals &‌ne; (8800)
≥ greater than or equals to &‌ge; (8805)
≤ less than or equals to &‌le; (8804)
≈ approximately &‌asymp; (8776)
√ square root radical &‌radic; (8730)
∞ infinity &‌infin; (8734)
∫ integral sign &‌int; (8747)
∂ partial differential &‌part; (8706)
′ Single prime &‌prime; (8242)
″ Double prime &‌Prime; (8243)
∑ Sigma Sum Sign &‌sum; (8721)
∏ Pi Product Sign &‌prod;(8719)
‰ Per mil (1/1000th) &‌permil;
≡ equivalent to (three lines) &‌equiv; (8801)

For more symbols, see the Math Symbol page or the pages listed in the Links area.

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

Other Punctuation

Caution on Smart Quotes and Long Dashes

“Smart (curly) quotes” (vs. "plain (straight) quotes") and long dashes such as em dash (—) and en dash (–) are actually considered "special characters" in HTML. If you are using a Word file with these symbols, you may need to remove them or replace them with entity characters.

Displaying Ampersand

Example 1: To generate the and symbol &‌ (&‌amp;) type in &‌amp; or &‌#38;. Example 2: To generate the string &‌amp; in HTML, type &‌amp;amp;.

Codes for Punctuation Symbols
SYMBOL NAME CODE
(blank space) Inserts a non-breaking blank space (en space) &‌nbsp; (32)
&‌ Ampersand &‌amp; (38)
“ Opening Double Quotes &‌ldquo; (147 or 8220)
” Closing Double Quotes &‌rdquo; (148 or 8221)
‘ Opening Single Quote Mark &‌lsquo; (145 or 8216)
’ Closing Single Quote Mark &‌rsquo; (146 or 8217)
® Registered symbol &‌reg; (174)
© Copyright symbol &‌copy; (169)
™ Trademark symbol &‌trade; (153 or 8482)
Paragraph symbol &‌para; (182)
• Big (Bullet) List Dot &‌bull; (149 or 8226)
· Medium (Middle) List Dot &‌middot; (183)
§ Section Symbol &‌sect; (167)
– en-dash &‌ndash; (150 or 8211)
— em-dash &‌mdash; (151 or 8212)
† dagger (cross) &‌dagger; (8224)
‡ double dagger &‌Dagger; (8225)
◊ open diamond, lozenge &‌loz; (9674)
↑ up arrow &‌uarr; (8593)
↓ down arrow &‌darr; (8595)
← left arrow &‌larr; (8592)
→ right arrow &‌rarr; (8594)
↔ double headed arrow &‌harr; (8596)

Non-English Punctuation

Below is a list of selected non-English punctuation symbols.

Non-English Punctuation
Sym Entity Code
¿ &iquest; (191)
¡ &iexcl; (161)
º &ordm; (186)
ª &ordf; (170)
« &laquo; (171)
» &raquo; (187)
‹ &lsaquo;
› &rsaquo;
„ &bdquo;(bottom quote)
‚ &sbquo;(single bottom quote)
“ &ldquo;(left curly quote)
‘ &lsquo;(left single curly quote)
” &rdquo;(right curly quote)
’ &rsquo;(right single curly quote)

If you are having problems inputting these codes, please review the instructions for using the codes on top of this Web page.

Using the Codes

To input non-English into an Web page, HTML employs a series of entity codes enclosed with an &‌ on the left side and a ; (semi-colon) on the right.

HTML SPECIAL CHARACTER TEMPLATE &‌(code);

For example, the code for ç is "ccedil". To generate French ç in HTML, type the code &‌ccedil; into your HTML document as in:

HTML – fran&‌ccedil;ais Result – français

Here’s another example using &‌cent; for ¢.

HTML – It cost 5&‌cent;. Result – It cost 5¢.

    • For more entity codes – see or Ian Graham’s Mathematical Symbols for HTML or Jukka Korpela HTML Entities.
    • For numeric math entity codes see the Math Chart or Alan Wood’s Symbols Test Page
    • Ultimate Cool Characters

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