Motor vehicle automatic transmission models Motor vehicle
9G-Tronic
Cutaway model of the transmission with components for hybrid drive
Overview
Manufacturer
Daimler AGJatco Ltd
Model code
W9A 700 · Type 725.09AT · JR913E (Jatco)
Production
2013–present
Body and chassis
Class
9-speed longitudinal automatic transmission
Related
ZF 8HP · Aisin-Toyota 8-speed · Ford-GM 10-speed
Chronology
Predecessor
7G-Tronic
9G-Tronic is Mercedes-Benz's trademark name for its 9-speed automatic transmission, starting off with the W9A 700 converter-9-gear-automatic with 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) maximum input torque (German: Wandler-9-Gang-Automatik bis 700 N⋅m Eingangsdrehmoment • type 725.0[1]) as core model. The transmission was used in the E 350 BlueTEC in 2013 for the first time,[1] and successively replaced both the 7-speed 7G-Tronic (PLUS) transmission and the 5-speed 5G-Tronic transmission. It includes versions for a maximum input torque of 1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft).[2]
After the 5G- and 7G-Tronic, this is the 3rd generation of modern automatic transmissions. It is identified internally as NAG3 (New Automatic Gearbox 3rd generation).[3]
The Jatco 9AT transmission is based on the same globally patented gearset concept.
Gear Ratios[a]
Model
Type
FirstDelivery
Gear
Total Span
Avg.Step
Components
R
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Nomi-nal
Effec-tive
Cen-ter
Total
perGear[b]
W9A All
725.0
2013
−4.932
5.503
3.333
2.315
1.661
1.211
1.000
0.865
0.717
0.601
9.150
8.199
1.819
1.319
4 Gearsets3 Brakes3 Clutches
1.111
W9A All
725.0
2016
−4.798
5.354
3.243
2.252
1.636
1.211
1.000
0.865
0.717
0.601
8.902
7.977
1.795
1.314
9AT All
JR913E
2019
−4.799
5.425
3.263
2.250
1.649
1.221
1.000
0.862
0.713
0.597
9.091
8.042
1.799
1.318
^Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage
^Forward gears only
Development and production
[edit]
Development took place at the group's headquarters in Stuttgart-Untertuerkheim.[1] Initially, the transmission was produced only at the Daimler plant not far away in Stuttgart-Hedelfingen.[3] Since April 2016, the transmission has also been produced at Daimler's subsidiary Star Assembly in Sebeș, Romania.[4]
Licensing to Jatco Ltd
[edit]
In 2019, the Jatco Ltd, based in Fuji, Shizuoka, Japan, started licensed production for use in Nissan and Infiniti vehicles.[5][6] In this version, input torque is limited to 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft),[7] allowing each of the gearsets 1, 2, and 4 to use only three planetary gears.[8] Slightly modified gear dimensions give it a span of just under 9.1:1.
Specifications
[edit]
Technical Data
Type
725.0
JR913E
Model
W9A 400
W9A 700
W9A 1000
9AT
Input Capacity
Maximumenginepower
Maximumenginetorque
400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft)
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft)[9]
1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft)[2]
700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft)[7]
Maximumshaftspeed
1st to 7th: 7,000/min[9]
8th: 5,900/min[9]
9th: 5,000/min[9]
Sundry
Torqueconverterlock-up
with torsional + pendulum[9][10][7] · can operate in all 9 forward gears
Torqueconvertersize
260 mm (10.24 in)[7]
Length
Overall: 644 mm (25.35 in) to 649 mm (25.55 in)[a]
Gearbox only:439.5 mm (17.30 in)[7]
Fluidcapacity
10.0 L (10.6 US qt)[9]
Weight[b]
94.8 kg (209 lb)[9]
99.5 kg (219 lb)[7]
^depending on joint flange and torque converters[9]
^including torque converter and automatic transmission fluid
Torque converter
[edit]
One main focus was on increasing shift comfort, which is achieved on the one hand by measures in the control system and on the other hand by designing the torque converter accordingly. The hydrodynamic torque converter was largely taken over from the previous 7G-Tronic transmission.
Control system
[edit]
The 9G-Tronic is fully electronically controlled. The shift elements are controlled via a new type of hydraulic direct control with electromagnetically actuated valves, which enables fast and smooth gear changes. Compared to the previous transmission, which had a hydraulic pilot control, leakage losses have been reduced by 80%.[10]
Oil supply
[edit]
The transmission is equipped with two oil pumps to ensure an energy-efficient supply of long-life synthetic fuel-economy low-friction oil: a mechanical rotary vane pump with chain drive, which is significantly smaller than its predecessor and located next to the main shaft, and a pump driven by a brushless electric DC motor.[10] The mechanically driven pump is responsible for the basic supply of the transmission, with the flow rate depending on the speed of the drive motor. The additional pump is switched on by the electronic transmission control unit as required. This design enables the lubricating and cooling oil volume flow to be regulated as required and makes the 9G-Tronic start/stop-capable.[1] When the drive motor is at a standstill, the transmission remains ready to start solely due to the supply from the electric auxiliary pump.
Filter elements for the two pumps are integrated in the plastic oil pan.
AMG SpeedShift 9G
[edit]
AMG SpeedShift TCT 9G
[edit]
The TCT 9G (Torque Converter Technology) transmission is essentially the 9G-Tronic.
AMG SpeedShift MCT 9G
[edit]
Mercedes-AMG developed the MCT 9G (Multi Clutch Technology) transmission. It was first introduced in the Mercedes-AMG E 63 4Matic+.
The MCT transmission is essentially the 9G-Tronic with a start-off wet clutch (German: NAK for Nass-Anfahrkupplung) replacing the torque converter. This saves weight and optimises the response to the accelerator pedal input. It is a computer-controlled double-clutching.[11] The MCT acronym refers to this multiple-plate clutch. Its torque is rated at 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) and it offers 4 drive modes: “C” (Comfort), “S” (Sport), “S+” (Sport plus) and “M” (Manual) and boasts 0.1 second shifts in “M” and “S+” modes. MCT-equipped cars are also fitted with the new AMG Drive Unit as the central control unit for all driving dynamics functions and an innovative Race Start Function.
The driver can change gears either using the steering-wheel shift paddles or conventionally the selector lever. The new Race Start Function is a launch control system that enables maximum acceleration while ensuring optimum traction of the driven wheels.
Combined Parallel and Serial Coupled Gearset Concept For More Gears And Improved Cost-Effectiveness
[edit]
Main Objectives
[edit]
The main objectives in replacing the previous 7G-Tronic model were to improve fuel consumption by adding gears and increasing the gear span, while at the same time reducing manufacturing costs.
The wide gear span[a] allows the engine speed level to be lowered (downspeeding), which is a decisive factor in improving energy efficiency and thus reducing fuel consumption by 6.5 %.[10] In addition, the lower engine speed level improves the noise-vibration-harshness comfort and the exterior noise is reduced by up to 4 dB(A).[1] A speed of 120 km/h is reached in the Mercedes-Benz E 350 BlueTEC in 9th gear at an engine speed of approx. 1350 rpm.[13] Unsurpassed ratio span among longitudinal automatic transmissions for passenger cars.[b]
^First version with a gear ratio span wider than 9.1:1.[12] Was replaced by a slightly more narrowly stepped 2nd version with the introduction of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W213) series in 2016 without announcement
^By the end of 2024
Extent
[edit]
As the design of the predecessor was significantly more complex than that of the direct competitor 6HP and even the new 8HP model from ZF with one more gear, the specification sheet also stipulate that at least one shift element must be omitted. This was achieved thanks to high-speed computer-aided design and has resulted in a globally patented gearset concept that requires the same installation space as the previous model and is also 1 kg (2.2 lb) lighter.[2] In the process, 85 billion gearset concepts were examined.[14] Additionally, the unit brings the ability to shift in a non-sequential manner – going from gear 9 to gear 4 in extreme situations simply by changing one shift element (actuating brake C and releasing brake A).
After the 5G- and 7G-Tronic, this transmission is the 3rd generation[3] in which in-line epicyclic gearing have been combined with parallel epicyclic gearing. The resulting progress is reflected in an even better ratio between the number of gears and the number of components used compared to all layouts previously used by Mercedes-Benz.
Gearset Concept: Cost-Effectiveness[a]
WithAssessment
Output:GearRatios
InnovationElasticity[b]Δ Output : Δ Input
Input: Main Components
Total
Gearsets
Brakes
Clutches
W9ARef. Object
n O 1 {\displaystyle n_{O1}} n O 2 {\displaystyle n_{O2}}
Topic[b]
n I = n G + {\displaystyle n_{I}=n_{G}+} n B + n C {\displaystyle n_{B}+n_{C}}
n G 1 {\displaystyle n_{G1}} n G 2 {\displaystyle n_{G2}}
n B 1 {\displaystyle n_{B1}} n B 2 {\displaystyle n_{B2}}
n C 1 {\displaystyle n_{C1}} n C 2 {\displaystyle n_{C2}}
Δ Number
n O 1 − n O 2 {\displaystyle n_{O1}-n_{O2}}
n I 1 − n I 2 {\displaystyle n_{I1}-n_{I2}}
n G 1 − n G 2 {\displaystyle n_{G1}-n_{G2}}
n B 1 − n B 2 {\displaystyle n_{B1}-n_{B2}}
n C 1 − n C 2 {\displaystyle n_{C1}-n_{C2}}
Relative Δ
Δ Output n O 1 − n O 2 n O 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {n_{O1}-n_{O2}}{n_{O2}}}}
n O 1 − n O 2 n O 2 : n I 1 − n I 2 n I 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {n_{O1}-n_{O2}}{n_{O2}}}:{\tfrac {n_{I1}-n_{I2}}{n_{I2}}}} = n O 1 − n O 2 n O 2 ⋅ n I 2 n I 1 − n I 2 {\displaystyle ={\tfrac {n_{O1}-n_{O2}}{n_{O2}}}\cdot {\tfrac {n_{I2}}{n_{I1}-n_{I2}}}}
Δ Input n I 1 − n I 2 n I 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {n_{I1}-n_{I2}}{n_{I2}}}}
n G 1 − n G 2 n G 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {n_{G1}-n_{G2}}{n_{G2}}}}
n B 1 − n B 2 n B 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {n_{B1}-n_{B2}}{n_{B2}}}}
n C 1 − n C 2 n C 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {n_{C1}-n_{C2}}{n_{C2}}}}
^ Progress increases cost-effectiveness and is reflected in the ratio of forward gears to main components.It depends on the power flow:
parallel: using the two degrees of freedom of planetary gearsets
to increase the number of gears
with unchanged number of components
serial: in-line combined planetary gearsets without using the two degrees of freedom
to increase the number of gears
a corresponding increase in the number of components is unavoidable
^ abcdefghij Innovation Elasticity Classifies Progress And Market Position
Automobile manufacturers drive forward technical developments primarily in order to remain competitive or to achieve or defend technological leadership. This technical progress has therefore always been subject to economic constraints
Only innovations whose relative additional benefit is greater than the relative additional resource input, i.e. whose economic elasticity is greater than 1, are considered for realization
The required innovation elasticity of an automobile manufacturer depends on its expected return on investment. The basic assumption that the relative additional benefit must be at least twice as high as the relative additional resource input helps with orientation
negative, if the output increases and the input decreases, is perfect
2 or above is good
1 or above is acceptable (red)
below this is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ ab Direct Predecessor
To reflect the progress of the specific model change
^ abcdefgplus 1 reverse gear
^plus 2 reverse gears
^of which 2 gearsets are combined as a compound Ravigneaux gearset
^Current Reference Standard (Benchmark)
The 8HP has become the new reference standard (benchmark) for automatic transmissions
^Historical Reference Standard (Benchmark)
3-speed transmissions with torque converters have established the modern market for automatic transmissions and thus made it possible in the first place, as this design proved to be a particularly successful compromise between cost and performance
It became the archetype and dominated the world market for around 3 decades, setting the standard for automatic transmissions. It was only when fuel consumption became the focus of interest that this design reached its limits, which is why it has now completely disappeared from the market
What has remained is the orientation that it offers as a reference standard (point of reference, benchmark) for this market for determining progressiveness and thus the market position of all other, later designs
All transmission variants consist of 7 main components
Typical examples are
Turbo-Hydramatic from GM
Cruise-O-Matic from Ford
TorqueFlite from Chrysler
Detroit Gear from BorgWarner for Studebaker
BW-35 from BorgWarner and as T35 from Aisin
3N 71 from Nissan/Jatco
3 HP from ZF Friedrichshafen
W3A 040 and W3B 050 from Mercedes-Benz
Gearset Concept: Quality
[edit]
The ratios of the 9 gears are better distributed in all versions than in the direct competitors 8HP from ZF and much better than in the 10-speed transmissions from Ford/GM and Aisin/Toyota. The only noticeable weaknesses are the relatively small step between 5th and 6th gear and the too small one between 6th and 7th gear. These cannot be eliminated without affecting all other gears and thus impairing gear steps. On the other hand, this weaknesses are not overly significant.
All in all
the extra effort, reflected in the acceptable elasticity compared to the ZF 8HP is more than justified and
compared to the 10-speed gearboxes from Ford/GM and Aisin/Toyota, the absence of the 10th gear is more than compensated for by the significantly better distribution.
Gear Ratio Analysis
In-Depth AnalysisWith Assessment[a]
Weight
Planetary Gearset: Teeth[b]
Count
Nomi-nal[c]Effec-tive[d]
Cen-ter[e]
Simpson
Simple[f]
Avg.[g]
ModelType
VersionFirst Delivery
with Con-verter + Oil
S1[h]R1[i]
S2[j]R2[k]
S3[l]R3[m]
S4[n]R4[o]
BrakesClutches
RatioSpan
GearStep[p]
GearRatio
R i R {\displaystyle {i_{R}}}
1 i 1 {\displaystyle {i_{1}}}
2 i 2 {\displaystyle {i_{2}}}
3 i 3 {\displaystyle {i_{3}}}
4 i 4 {\displaystyle {i_{4}}}
5 i 5 {\displaystyle {i_{5}}}
6 i 6 {\displaystyle {i_{6}}}
7 i 7 {\displaystyle {i_{7}}}
8 i 8 {\displaystyle {i_{8}}}
9 i 9 {\displaystyle {i_{9}}}
Step[p]
− i R i 1 {\displaystyle -{\frac {i_{R}}{i_{1}}}} [q]
i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}} [r]
i 2 i 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}
i 3 i 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}
i 4 i 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}
i 5 i 6 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}
i 6 i 7 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}}
i 7 i 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}}
i 8 i 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{8}}{i_{9}}}}
Δ Step[s][t]
i 1 i 2 : i 2 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}}
i 2 i 3 : i 3 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}}
i 3 i 4 : i 4 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}}
i 4 i 5 : i 5 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}}
i 5 i 6 : i 6 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}:{\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}}
i 6 i 7 : i 7 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}:{\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}}
i 7 i 8 : i 8 i 9 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}:{\tfrac {i_{8}}{i_{9}}}}
ShaftSpeed
i 1 i R {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}
i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
i 1 i 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}
i 1 i 4 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}
i 1 i 5 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}
i 1 i 6 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}}
i 1 i 7 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}}
i 1 i 8 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}}
i 1 i 9 {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{9}}}}
Δ ShaftSpeed[u]
0 − i 1 i R {\displaystyle 0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}}
i 1 i 1 − 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0}
i 1 i 2 − i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}}
i 1 i 3 − i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}}
i 1 i 4 − i 1 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}}
i 1 i 5 − i 1 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}}
i 1 i 6 − i 1 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}}
i 1 i 7 − i 1 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}}
i 1 i 8 − i 1 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}}
i 1 i 9 − i 1 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{9}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}}
SpecificTorque[v]
T 2 ; R T 1 ; R {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;R}}{T_{1;R}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 1 T 1 ; 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;1}}{T_{1;1}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 2 T 1 ; 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;2}}{T_{1;2}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 3 T 1 ; 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;3}}{T_{1;3}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 4 T 1 ; 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;4}}{T_{1;4}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 5 T 1 ; 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;5}}{T_{1;5}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 6 T 1 ; 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;6}}{T_{1;6}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 7 T 1 ; 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;7}}{T_{1;7}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 8 T 1 ; 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;8}}{T_{1;8}}}} [w]
T 2 ; 9 T 1 ; 9 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;9}}{T_{1;9}}}} [w]
Efficiency η n {\displaystyle \eta _{n}} [v]
T 2 ; R T 1 ; R : i R {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;R}}{T_{1;R}}}:{i_{R}}}
T 2 ; 1 T 1 ; 1 : i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;1}}{T_{1;1}}}:{i_{1}}}
T 2 ; 2 T 1 ; 2 : i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;2}}{T_{1;2}}}:{i_{2}}}
T 2 ; 3 T 1 ; 3 : i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;3}}{T_{1;3}}}:{i_{3}}}
T 2 ; 4 T 1 ; 4 : i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;4}}{T_{1;4}}}:{i_{4}}}
T 2 ; 5 T 1 ; 5 : i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;5}}{T_{1;5}}}:{i_{5}}}
T 2 ; 6 T 1 ; 6 : i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;6}}{T_{1;6}}}:{i_{6}}}
T 2 ; 7 T 1 ; 7 : i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;7}}{T_{1;7}}}:{i_{7}}}
T 2 ; 8 T 1 ; 8 : i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;8}}{T_{1;8}}}:{i_{8}}}
T 2 ; 9 T 1 ; 9 : i 9 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;9}}{T_{1;9}}}:{i_{9}}}
i R = − R 1 R 2 ( S 3 + R 3 ) S 1 ( S 2 + R 2 ) S 3 {\displaystyle i_{R}=-{\frac {R_{1}R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})S_{3}}}}
i 1 = ( S 1 ( S 2 + R 2 ) + R 1 S 2 ) ( S 3 + R 3 ) S 1 ( S 2 + R 2 ) S 3 {\displaystyle i_{1}={\frac {(S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2})(S_{3}+R_{3})}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})S_{3}}}}
i 2 = S 3 + R 3 S 3 {\displaystyle i_{2}={\frac {S_{3}+R_{3}}{S_{3}}}}
i R = − R 1 S 1 ( 1 + R 3 S 3 ) 1 + S 2 R 2 {\displaystyle i_{R}=-{\tfrac {{\tfrac {R_{1}}{S_{1}}}\left(1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}\right)}{1+{\tfrac {S_{2}}{R_{2}}}}}}
i 1 = ( 1 + R 1 S 1 1 + R 2 S 2 ) ( 1 + R 3 S 3 ) {\displaystyle i_{1}=\left(1+{\tfrac {\tfrac {R_{1}}{S_{1}}}{1+{\tfrac {R_{2}}{S_{2}}}}}\right)\left(1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}\right)}
i 2 = 1 + R 3 S 3 {\displaystyle i_{2}=1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}}
Ratio3–6Ordinary[ah]ElementaryNoted[ai]
i 3 = R 2 ( S 3 + R 3 ) ( S 2 + R 2 ) S 3 {\displaystyle i_{3}={\frac {R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}{(S_{2}+R_{2})S_{3}}}}
i 4 = S 3 ( S 4 + R 4 ) + R 3 S 4 S 3 ( S 4 + R 4 ) {\displaystyle i_{4}={\frac {S_{3}(S_{4}+R_{4})+R_{3}S_{4}}{S_{3}(S_{4}+R_{4})}}} [f]
i 5 = R 2 R 4 R 2 R 4 − S 2 S 4 {\displaystyle i_{5}={\frac {R_{2}R_{4}}{R_{2}R_{4}-S_{2}S_{4}}}}
i 6 = 1 1 {\displaystyle i_{6}={\frac {1}{1}}}
i 3 = 1 + R 3 S 3 1 + S 2 R 2 {\displaystyle i_{3}={\tfrac {1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}}{1+{\tfrac {S_{2}}{R_{2}}}}}}
i 4 = 1 + R 3 S 3 1 + R 4 S 4 {\displaystyle i_{4}=1+{\tfrac {\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}{1+{\tfrac {R_{4}}{S_{4}}}}}}
i 5 = 1 1 − S 2 S 4 R 2 R 4 {\displaystyle i_{5}={\tfrac {1}{1-{\tfrac {S_{2}S_{4}}{R_{2}R_{4}}}}}}
Ratio7–9Ordinary[ah]ElementaryNoted[ai]
i 7 = R 4 ( S 1 ( S 2 + R 2 ) + R 1 S 2 ) S 1 R 4 ( S 2 + R 2 ) + R 1 S 2 ( S 4 + R 4 ) {\displaystyle i_{7}={\frac {R_{4}(S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2})}{S_{1}R_{4}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})}}}
i 8 = R 4 S 4 + R 4 {\displaystyle i_{8}={\frac {R_{4}}{S_{4}+R_{4}}}}
i 9 = R 1 R 2 R 4 S 1 S 4 ( S 2 + R 2 ) + R 1 R 2 ( S 4 + R 4 ) {\displaystyle i_{9}={\frac {R_{1}R_{2}R_{4}}{S_{1}S_{4}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}R_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})}}}
i 7 = 1 1 + S 4 R 4 1 + S 1 R 1 ( 1 + R 2 S 2 ) {\displaystyle i_{7}={\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {\tfrac {S_{4}}{R_{4}}}{1+{\tfrac {S_{1}}{R_{1}}}\left(1+{\tfrac {R_{2}}{S_{2}}}\right)}}}}}
i 8 = 1 1 + S 4 R 4 {\displaystyle i_{8}={\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {S_{4}}{R_{4}}}}}}
i 9 = 1 1 + S 4 R 4 ( 1 + S 1 R 1 ( 1 + S 2 R 2 ) ) {\displaystyle i_{9}={\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {S_{4}}{R_{4}}}\left(1+{\tfrac {S_{1}}{R_{1}}}\left(1+{\tfrac {S_{2}}{R_{2}}}\right)\right)}}}
Kinetic Ratios
SpecificTorque[v]R–2
T 2 ; R T 1 ; R = − R 1 S 1 η 0 ( 1 + R 3 S 3 η 0 ) 1 + S 2 R 2 ⋅ 1 η 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;R}}{T_{1;R}}}=-{\tfrac {{\tfrac {R_{1}}{S_{1}}}\eta _{0}\left(1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}\eta _{0}\right)}{1+{\tfrac {S_{2}}{R_{2}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}}}}
T 2 ; 1 T 1 ; 1 = ( 1 + R 1 S 1 η 0 1 + R 2 S 2 ⋅ 1 η 0 ) ( 1 + R 3 S 3 η 0 ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;1}}{T_{1;1}}}=\left(1+{\tfrac {{\tfrac {R_{1}}{S_{1}}}\eta _{0}}{1+{\tfrac {R_{2}}{S_{2}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}}}\right)\left(1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}\eta _{0}\right)}
T 2 ; 2 T 1 ; 2 = 1 + R 3 S 3 η 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;2}}{T_{1;2}}}=1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}\eta _{0}}
SpecificTorque[v]3–6
T 2 ; 3 T 1 ; 3 = 1 + R 3 S 3 η 0 1 + S 2 R 2 ⋅ 1 η 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;3}}{T_{1;3}}}={\tfrac {1+{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}\eta _{0}}{1+{\tfrac {S_{2}}{R_{2}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}}}}
T 2 ; 4 T 1 ; 4 = 1 + R 3 S 3 η 0 1 + R 4 S 4 ⋅ 1 η 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;4}}{T_{1;4}}}=1+{\tfrac {{\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}}}\eta _{0}}{1+{\tfrac {R_{4}}{S_{4}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}}}}
T 2 ; 5 T 1 ; 5 = 1 1 − S 2 S 4 R 2 R 4 η 0 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;5}}{T_{1;5}}}={\tfrac {1}{1-{\tfrac {S_{2}S_{4}}{R_{2}R_{4}}}{\eta _{0}}^{2}}}}
T 2 ; 6 T 1 ; 6 = 1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;6}}{T_{1;6}}}={\tfrac {1}{1}}}
SpecificTorque[v]7–9
T 2 ; 7 T 1 ; 7 = 1 1 + S 4 R 4 ⋅ 1 η 0 1 + S 1 R 1 η 0 ( 1 + R 2 S 2 η 0 ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;7}}{T_{1;7}}}={\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {{\tfrac {S_{4}}{R_{4}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}}{1+{\tfrac {S_{1}}{R_{1}}}\eta _{0}\left(1+{\tfrac {R_{2}}{S_{2}}}\eta _{0}\right)}}}}}
T 2 ; 8 T 1 ; 8 = 1 1 + S 4 R 4 ⋅ 1 η 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;8}}{T_{1;8}}}={\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {S_{4}}{R_{4}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}}}}
T 2 ; 9 T 1 ; 9 = 1 1 + S 4 R 4 ⋅ 1 η 0 ( 1 + S 1 R 1 ⋅ 1 η 0 ( 1 + S 2 R 2 ⋅ 1 η 0 ) ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {T_{2;9}}{T_{1;9}}}={\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {S_{4}}{R_{4}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}\left(1+{\tfrac {S_{1}}{R_{1}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}\left(1+{\tfrac {S_{2}}{R_{2}}}\cdot {\tfrac {1}{\eta _{0}}}\right)\right)}}}
^Revised 14 October 2025
^ Gearset Components: Nomenclature
S = {\displaystyle =} sun gear
R = {\displaystyle =} ring gear
C = {\displaystyle =} carrier or planetary gear carrier
Layout
Input and output are on opposite sides
Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side
Input (turbine) shafts are S1, C4, and, if actuated, C1
Output shaft is C3
^Total Ratio Span (Total Gear/Transmission Ratio) Nominal
i 1 i n {\displaystyle {\frac {i_{1}}{i_{n}}}}
A wider span enables the
downspeeding when driving outside the city limits
increase the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road
or when towing a trailer
^ abcdefgTotal Ratio Span (Total Gear/Transmission Ratio) Effective
m i n ( i 1 ; | i R | ) i n {\displaystyle {\frac {min(i_{1};|i_{R}|)}{i_{n}}}}
The span is only effective to the extent that
the reverse gear ratio
matches that of 1st gear
see also Standard R:1
^Ratio Span's Center
( i 1 i n ) 1 2 {\displaystyle (i_{1}i_{n})^{\frac {1}{2}}}
The center indicates the speed level of the transmission
Together with the final drive ratio
it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle
^ abcdExcept in 4th gear when used in the Simpson configuration
^Average Gear Step
( i 1 i n ) 1 n − 1 {\displaystyle \left({\frac {i_{1}}{i_{n}}}\right)^{\frac {1}{n-1}}}
With decreasing step width
the gears connect better to each other
shifting comfort increases
^Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1
^Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1
^Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2
^Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2
^Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3
^Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3
^Sun 4: sun gear of gearset 4
^Ring 4: ring gear of gearset 4
^ abcdeStandard 50:50— 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step —
With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step)
and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 4) is always larger
and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 4) is always smaller
than the average gear step (cell marked yellow two rows above on the far right)
lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)
upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)
^ abcdefghijStandard R:1— Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio —
The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
no impairment when maneuvering
especially when towing a trailer
a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency
Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good
Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)
Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)
see also Total Ratio Span (Total Gear/Transmission Ratio) Effective
^Standard 1:2— Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible —
With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step)
the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
for a good speed connection and
a smooth gear shift
must be as small as possible
A gear ratio of up to 1.6667 : 1 (5 : 3) is good
Up to 1.7500 : 1 (7 : 4) is acceptable (red)
Above is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ abcdFrom large to small gears (from right to left)
^ abcdefghijklmStandard STEP— From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps —
Gear steps should
increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1
As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step
Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)
Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)
^ abcdefghijklmStandard SPEED— From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference —
Shaft speed differences should
increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one
1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)
2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)
^ abcdefghijkSpecific Torque Ratio And Efficiency
The specific torque is the Ratio of
output torque T 2 ; n {\displaystyle T_{2;n}}
to input torque T 1 ; n {\displaystyle T_{1;n}}
with n = g e a r {\displaystyle n=gear}
The efficiency is calculated from the specific torque in relation to the transmission ratio
Power loss for single meshing gears is in the range of 1 % to 1.5 %
helical gear pairs, which are used to reduce noise in passenger cars, are in the upper part of the loss range
spur gear pairs, which are limited to commercial vehicles due to their poorer noise comfort, are in the lower part of the loss range
^ abcdefghijCorridor for specific torque and efficiency
in planetary gearsets, the stationary gear ratio i 0 {\displaystyle i_{0}} is formed via the planetary gears and thus by two meshes
for reasons of simplification, the efficiency for both meshes together is commonly specified there
the efficiencies η 0 {\displaystyle \eta _{0}} specified here are based on assumed efficiencies for the stationary ratio i 0 {\displaystyle i_{0}}
of η 0 = 0.9800 {\displaystyle \eta _{0}=0.9800} (upper value)
and η 0 = 0.9700 {\displaystyle \eta _{0}=0.9700} (lower value)
for both interventions together
The corresponding efficiency for single-meshing gear pairs is η 0 1 2 {\displaystyle {\eta _{0}}^{\tfrac {1}{2}}}
^ abFirst version with a gear ratio span wider than 9.1:1.[12] Was replaced by a slightly more narrowly stepped 2nd version with the introduction of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W213) series in 2016 without announcement
to reduce the step between gear 4 and 5 below that of the 7G-Tronic (1.3684:1 [26:19])[16]
AMG SpeedShift MCT 9G is rated at 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft)[11]
^Under license from Daimler[17]
^Permanently coupled elements
R1 and C2
R2, S3, and S4
^Blocks C1
^Blocks S2
^Not involved. Only serves to maintain the shift logic: only one shift element is changed for step up or down
^Blocks R3
^Couples S1 with C1
^Couples C1 with R2
^Couples C3 with R4
^ abcOrdinary Noted
For direct determination of the ratio
^ abcElementary Noted
Alternative representation for determining the transmission ratio
Contains only operands
With simple fractions of both central gears of a planetary gearset
Or with the value 1
As a basis
For reliable
And traceable
Determination of specific torque and efficiency
Maintenance
[edit]
Compared to the predecessor gearboxes NAG1 (5G-Tronic) and NAG2 (7G-Tronic), the NAG3 gearbox is much more highly integrated, meaning that repairs are only possible by replacing entire assemblies when servicing is required.[1] This applies, for example, to the oil filters permanently integrated in the plastic oil pan.[12] Another example is the fully integrated mechatronic module with sensors, control unit and electrohydraulic shift plate. This module must be replaced as a unit, even if, for example, only one sensor is defective.[12]
▶️ Interactive Nomogram This nomogram is a real geometric calculator exactly representing the rotational speeds of the transmission's 3x4 = 12 internal shafts for each of its 9 ratios (+ reverse), grouped according to their 4 permanent coupling on 3 joint ordinates and 5 independent ordinates. These ordinates are positioned on the abscissa in strict accordance with the proportions of the sun gears' teeth numbers relative to those of their rings. Consequently, the output ratios on the 3rd ordinate (carrier of the third planetary gearset) follows closely those of the actual transmission. This advantageous geometric construction sets us free from Robert Willis' famous and tedious formula,[18] because all calculations are exclusively determined by lengths ratios, respectively teeth numbers on the abscissa for the 4 epicyclic ratios, and of rotational speeds on the 3rd ordinate for the 10 gear ratios.
This nomogram reflects the version from 2013.
Legend
[edit]
A: Brake (blocks S2 sun gear) B: Brake (blocks R3 ring gear) C: Brake (blocks C1 carrier gear) D: Clutch (couples C3 carrier gear with R4 ring gear) E: Clutch (couples C1 carrier gear with R2 ring gear) F: Clutch (couples S1 sun gear with C1 carrier gear)
Applications
[edit]
Mercedes models
[edit]
Mercedes C-Class
[edit]
2018–2021 Mercedes-Benz W205 (all models)
2022–present Mercedes-Benz W206
Mercedes E-Class
[edit]
2014–2016 Mercedes-Benz W212 (E 350 BlueTec only) available as an option to others.
^ abcdef"New nine-speed automatic transmission debuts in the Mercedes-Benz E 350 BlueTEC: Premiere of the new 9G-TRONIC – Daimler Global Media Site". media.mercedes-benz.com. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^ abcde"9G-Tronic · Vertiefende Informationen" (in German). Archived from the original on 2015-11-20. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
^ abc"50 years of automatic transmissions from Mercedes-Benz". media.mercedes-benz.com. 2011-04-12. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^"Daimler launches production of nine-speed automatic transmissions in Romania". 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^"Daimler-Renault-Nissan – The alliance in action".
^ abcdefg"Jatco Technical Review No. 20 · 2021 · see Table 1 · p. 72". Retrieved 2022-11-11.
^"Jatco Technical Review No. 20 - 2021 - see cutaway model Figure 4 - p. 72" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-11-11.
^ abcdefghijDaimler AG · Global Training (2013-09-06). "9-Speed Automatic Transmission (725.0) · Hand-outs for participants". Retrieved 2014-04-07.
^ abcdChristoph Dörr · Henrik Kalczynski · Anton Rink · Marcus Sommer: Nine-Speed Automatic Transmission 9G-Tronic By Mercedes-Benz (english version), in: ATZ 116 (2014) · No. 1 · Pp. 20–25 · Springer Vieweg · Wiesbaden
^ abHarald Naunheimer · Bernd Bertsche · Joachim Ryborz · Wolfgang Novak · Peter Fietkau: Vehicle Transmissions · Pp. 571–572 · German: Harald Naunheimer · Bernd Bertsche · Joachim Ryborz · Wolfgang Novak · Peter Fietkau: Fahrzeuggetriebe · Berlin und Heidelberg 2019 · S. 571–572
^ abcd"Automatic Transmission 9G-Tronic · 725.0 · System Description" (PDF). documents.epfl.ch. September 2013. Retrieved 2020-01-16. (PDF)
^"Thomas Harloff: Neun-Gänge-Menü". 2014-05-27.
^"Developed for in-house drive systems: The best out of 85 billion possibilities". 2014-03-06. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
^"Archived copy of Mercedes-Benz Automatic Transmission 722.9 Technical Training Materials". Archived from the original on 2019-06-28. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
^"The new Mercedes-Benz SL: The legend – now even more dynamic – Daimler Global Media Site". Media.daimler.com. Retrieved 2020-01-16. · German: Der neue Mercedes-Benz SL: Die Legende – jetzt noch dynamischer – Daimler Global Media Site