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Getting a diagnosis

Characteristics of autism checklists

The characteristics of autism can vary greatly from person to person, and can also develop, change and improve over time. Age and cognitive ability can also have an impact on how the characteristics of autism present themselves. If you feel that you, or someone you love, is autistic, the below checklists can provide you with a list of the common characteristics that may be observed in each age group.

Early childhood checklist

Primary school checklist

Teenagers checklist

Adults checklist

The differences in autism based on gender

Far more males than females are diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Australia. In fact, four Australian males are diagnosed on the spectrum to every one female. Evidence suggestions, there could be a range of reasons for this, including a bias towards males in the diagnostic process. Find out more about the differences in presentations of autism based on gender.

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Why get a diagnosis?

Children

It can be tempting to put off getting your child assessed for autism, and take a ‘wait and see… things might change with age’ approach. However, if your child is on the autism spectrum, an early diagnosis can be beneficial in a number of ways:

  • Your child (and you) may receive the help and support you might need or desire earlier.
  • Your child’s kindy or school, and teaching staff, may have a better understanding of your child’s strengths and needs – allowing them to support them more effectively.
  • Your child’s friends and family friends may have a better understanding of your child’s strengths, needs and behaviours – allowing them to interact and support them more effectively.
  • Your child may have a greater sense of self-identify if they understand themselves better .
  • Your child may have increased confidence knowing they are part of a larger group of children on the autism spectrum.

Adults

If you’re an adult and suspect you may be autistic, a diagnosis may give you an enhanced understanding of yourself, and can support in a range of ways. It may:                                               

  • Assist you to receive any appropriate funding, support and help you might desire.
  • Your family, friends and work colleagues (if you choose to tell them) may have a better understanding of you needs – and allow them to support you more effectively.
  • You may have a greater sense of self-identity if you understand yourself – and the spectrum – better.
  • You may have a better understanding of your experiences as a child.
  • You may benefit from the support and friendship of a larger group of other autistic adults.

Getting a diagnosis – children < 18 years

If you have questions about your child’s development, it’s important to raise them with a qualified professional, including a General Practitioner (GP) who may refer your child for an autism assessment.

Alternatively, if you have questions about your child’s development, and think that they may be autistic, you can refer them directly to a number of professionals that can assess for autism.

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Getting a diagnosis – adults > 18 years

The assessment process as an adults might look a bit different than that for children. Generally, referrals for adult diagnosis are made by you, as an adult. Referrals can also be made by individuals, parent or carer or by your partner with your consent.

Discussing your development with a GP or relevant professional can be also useful prior to referral, as your health care professional may make referrals to undertake a psychological or psychiatric assessment. A speech therapist could also be consulted to assess your social communication skills.

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What to do following a diagnosis

A diagnosis of autism can raise many emotions – relief at finally having an answer to some of the questions that you may have had about your or your child’s development, excitement, sadness, fear or even grief. All of these feelings and emotions are okay and should be allowed to run their course.

On a practical level, having a diagnosis can link you in with a wide range of available services and support.

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What other conditions co-occur with autism?

The current diagnostic manual for autism, the DSM-5 notes that 70% of the time a diagnosis of autism is accompanied by an additional condition or diagnosis, and 40% of the time by two or more additional conditions of diagnosis.

These co-occurring conditions can appear at any time during a person’s development, and some may not appear until later in adolescence or even adulthood.

Here is a list of key conditions that can occur in addition to a diagnosis of autism.

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Video

Autism & Me

Members of the autism community and their families share lived experience on their autism journeys. Video Transcription

Autism Community

One of the main things I like to explain is that people with autism have varied abilities and character traits, there’s not one single experience of autism.

— Zoran Bekric

Autism Community

I have Asperger’s syndrome and that means I’m sometimes a bit different from the norm. And - given the right circumstances - being different is a superpower.

— Greta Thunberg

Autism Community

I would play with numbers in a way that other kids would play with their friends.

— Daniel Tammet

Autism Community

People on the spectrum experience the neurotypical world as relentlessly unpredictable and chaotic, perpetually turned up too loud, and full of people who have little respect for personal space.

— Steve Silberman

Autism Community

Everyone has a mountain to climb and autism has not been my mountain, it has been my opportunity for victory.

— Rachel Barcellona

Autism Community

Although people with autism look like other people physically, we are in fact very different in many ways. We are more like travellers from the distant, distant past. And if, by being here, we could help the people of the world remember what truly matters for the Earth, that would give us a quiet pleasure.

— Naoki Higashida

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