| PROTEIN SUMMARY GENE INFORMATION RNA DATA | Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Midbrain Spinal cord Cerebral cortex Cerebellum Hypothalamus Choroid plexus Retina Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Lung Salivary gland Esophagus Tongue Stomach Duodenum Colon Rectum Small intestine Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Kidney Urinary bladder Testis Epididymis Prostate Seminal vesicle Vagina Breast Cervix Endometrium Fallopian tube Ovary Placenta Blood vessel Heart muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Adipose tissue Skin Bone marrow Spleen Tonsil Lymph node Appendix Thymus | CH25H INFORMATION | | Proteini Full gene name according to HGNC. | Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase | | Gene namei Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC. | CH25H | | Protein classi Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more | Enzymes Metabolic proteins | | Protein evidence | Evidence at protein level (all genes) | | Number of transcriptsi Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl. | 1 | | Protein interactions | Interacting with 2 proteins | | PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION | | Tissue profilei A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile. | Not available | | Subcellular locationi Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas. | Not available | | Predicted locationi All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. - Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
- Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. | Membrane | | TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION | | Tissue specificityi The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. | Tissue enhanced (Lymphoid tissue) | | Tissue expression clusteri The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. | Bone marrow - Nuclear processes (mainly) | | Brain specificityi The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category | Low human brain regional specificity | | Brain expression clusteri The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. | Non-specific - Mixed function (mainly) | | CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION | | Single cell type specificityi The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. | Cell type enhanced (Vascular smooth muscle cells, Pericytes, Microglia, Breast lactating cells, Epididymal principal cells, Fibroblasts, Ocular epithelial cells, Esophageal basal cells, Smooth muscle cells, Macrophages) | | Single cell typeexpression clusteri The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. | Non-specific - Basic cellular processes (mainly) | | Tissue cell type classificationi Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues. | No predicted cell type specificity | | Immune cell specificityi The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. | Not detected in immune cells | | Immune cellexpression clusteri The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. | Not detected - no cluster assigned | | CANCER & CELL LINES | | Prognostic summary | CH25H is a prognostic marker in Liver hepatocellular carcinoma, Lung squamous cell carcinoma, Ovary serous cystadenocarcinoma | | Cancer specificityi Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected. | Low cancer specificity | | Cell lineexpression clusteri The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. | Connective tissue cells - ECM organization (mainly) | | Cell line specificityi RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines. | Group enriched (Brain cancer, Thyroid cancer, Uterine cancer) | | PROTEINS IN BLOOD | | Detected in blood byimmunoassayi The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search. | No (not applicable) | | Detected in blood bymass spectrometryi Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics dataset obtained from the PeptideAtlas. Read more | No | | Proximity extension assayi Indicates whether the protein has been measured (Data available) or not (Not available) using the Olink Explore HT proximity extension assay platform. Read more | Not available | | SomaScani Indicates whether the protein has been measured (Data available) or not (Not available) using the SomaScan 11K platform. Read more | Not available | | PROTEIN FUNCTION | | Protein function (UniProt)i Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt. | Catalyzes the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol, leading to repress cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes 1. Plays a key role in cell positioning and movement in lymphoid tissues: 25-hydroxycholesterol is an intermediate in biosynthesis of 7-alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7-alpha,25-OHC), an oxysterol that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR183/EBI2, a chemotactic receptor for a number of lymphoid cells (By similarity). May play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) processing 2. As an interferon-stimulated gene, has broad antiviral activities against a wide range of enveloped viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its product, 25-hydroxycholesterol, activates the ER-localized enzyme ACAT to induce internalization of accessible cholesterol on the plasma membrane and restricts SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated fusion which inhibits virus replication 3, 4. In testis, production of 25-hydroxycholesterol by macrophages plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation (By similarity). Required to restrain inflammation in macrophages: production of 25-hydroxycholesterol protects macrophages from cholesterol overload, thereby preventing mitochondrial DNA release and subsequent activation of the AIM2 inflammasome (By similarity).... show less | | Molecular function (UniProt)i Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function. | Monooxygenase, Oxidoreductase | | Biological process (UniProt)i Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process. | Lipid biosynthesis, Lipid metabolism, Steroid biosynthesis, Steroid metabolism, Sterol biosynthesis, Sterol metabolism | | Ligand (UniProt)i Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule. | Iron, Metal-binding | | Gene summary (Entrez)i Useful information about the gene from Entrez | This is an intronless gene that is involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The encoded protein is a membrane protein and contains clusters of histidine residues essential for catalytic activity. Unlike most other sterol hydroxylases, this enzyme is a member of a small family of enzymes that utilize diiron cofactors to catalyze the hydroxylation of hydrophobic substrates. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]... show less | |